Pharmacology is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function
3
votes
0answers
31 views
Can ingestion of B6 cause gastrointestinal disturbance?
Can the ingestion of vitamin B6 upset the stomach, and if so by what mechanism?
-1
votes
0answers
27 views
Does Regocin-F cream harmful to human body, if applied daily? [closed]
I have a wound that requires to apply Regocin-F cream daily . I found that if I stop using the medicine, the wound will deteriorate.
My question is, is the Regocin-F cream harmful to human body ?
...
0
votes
0answers
20 views
Why do antacids have a special importance when taking lactulose?
“Before taking lactulose, tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, especially antacids, antibiotics including neomycin (Mycifradin), and other ...
2
votes
0answers
23 views
How is ammonia removed from the colon?
“Lactulose is also used to reduce the amount of ammonia in the blood of patients with liver disease. It works by drawing ammonia from the blood into the colon where it is removed from the body.” ...
1
vote
0answers
14 views
Do antidepressants with their BDNF expression-increasing effects display disease-modifying effects in Alzheimer's disease?
I ask this question because I've looked everywhere I can think of and not one mention of this even though it definitely makes sense based on the finding that antidepressants increase brain-derived ...
1
vote
1answer
35 views
Inverse of dopamine reuptake inhibitor?
The wikipedia article on the dopamine transporter gives examples of some drugs whose effects are mediated by the inhibition of the dopamine transporter, such as cocaine and amphetamines. Are there ...
0
votes
0answers
25 views
What are the characteristics of a promising drug target?
When researchers are looking to start developing a drug, what characteristics do they look for in the potential proteins (assuming they already have good quality structural models)?
1
vote
0answers
21 views
Are there any examples where 'magic bullet' drugs have worked?
Magic bullets are drugs that can be administered on a micro local scale near the tumour by exploiting the different surface antigens that cancers expose. The drug attaches via an mAb (attached to the ...
1
vote
1answer
20 views
What is the disadvantage of having no anticoagulation after pulmonary embolism?
Is chronic anticoagulation always given after pulmonary embolism?
What are the risks or disadvantages
if anticoagulation is not given?
if terminated early?
2
votes
1answer
60 views
How do you average Ki values?
It's embarrassing for me to ask this but well such is life. NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (PDSP) Ki Database is mentioned as the source of the average binding affinity (Ki) values given in ...
0
votes
0answers
25 views
How does Pethidine Contribute to Serotonin Syndrome?
I ask this because while I did read in this Australian Government webpage that it inhibits the reuptake of serotonin I have seen no studies that have mentioned any such interaction with the serotonin ...
1
vote
0answers
19 views
What are the conditions that must be satisfied in order for drugs to be deliverable via the epidural route?
I ask this because I've read that while pentazocine is approved by the FDA for the treatment of labour pain, epidural administration is not listed as one of its means of administration (which thing I ...
2
votes
2answers
49 views
What's a good and reliable database on the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic data of drugs both approved and unapproved?
What's a good and reliable database for the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic data of drugs both approved (in the US and elsewhere) and unapproved?
1
vote
0answers
13 views
What's the mechanism of action of Levomepromazine's analgesic effects?
I have absolutely no idea as to how Levomepromazine elicits its analgesic effects so please do direct me to journal articles and other credible sources with you, the answerer, making a summary of ...
0
votes
0answers
22 views
Which receptor in particular does, “MUSCARINIC CHOLINERGIC” refer to in Goodman and Gilman?
On pg. 410 of Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 12th Edition the term "MUSCARINIC CHOLINERGIC" is used (in the context of side effects of antidepressant agents) with ...
1
vote
0answers
40 views
How does Tianeptine work to elicit its therapeutic effects?
Tianeptine is an antidepressant and anxiolytic that has some additional analgesic properties that's used in some European countries, and the theories I've heard about how it works include the ...
1
vote
1answer
79 views
Confusion related to a term probe-by-background interaction
I was reading a paper related to bioinformatics where it uses the drug response on the cancer cells and the gene expression of the individual cells are studied to find any useful insights. Specially, ...
1
vote
1answer
85 views
How exactly does marijuana damage brain cells?
I've heard that THC can cause permanent damage to brain cells. I've also heard this reffered to anti drug propaganda. Another theory i've read is that temporary effects reduce intelligence but long ...
0
votes
1answer
22 views
Definition of Dye- Reduction Test?
Can some one give a simple explanation or definition on what a dye-reduction test is.
0
votes
1answer
40 views
Which Enzymes Catalyse the Deacetylation of Drugs in the Human Body?
If you would like more specifics seeing how I realise that this question is very broad and may be difficult to answer in general then hopefully the following will help you out:
I am particularly ...
1
vote
1answer
25 views
What does “Psychomodulatory” mean in the context of potentially psychoactive drugs?
What does "Psychomodulatory" mean in the context of potentially psychoactive drugs? That is, in this journal article http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028390812001931 in the ...
1
vote
0answers
32 views
Is there a Pharmacology Textbook that Satisfies the Conditions listed in the Body of this Question?
The conditions are:
As extensive and explanatory as Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, Twelfth Edition
With additional extensive and thoroughly explanatory information ...
3
votes
1answer
114 views
How does paracetamol interfere with immune system?
Paracetamol is used to reduce body temperature when it is to high. The high body temperature (fever) is known to be an indication that immune system fights against an infection.
In this context I ...
4
votes
1answer
132 views
What is the biological mechanism underlying caffeine intolerance? (CYP1A2 or other?)
As far as I can tell, caffeine metabolism occurs primarily via the CYP1A2 enzyme. I am curious as to whether mutations in the CYP1A2 gene are associated with caffeine intolerance. Some site that is ...
0
votes
1answer
29 views
Does the Enzyme Monoamine Oxidase, Isoenzyme A have an allosteric modulatory site?
Does the Enzyme Monoamine Oxidase, Isoenzyme A (MAO-A) have an allosteric modulatory site? I ask because I would like to know if it is possible, in theory at least, for a positive allosteric modulator ...
1
vote
0answers
17 views
Can Opioids Attenuate some of the symptoms of Psychosis?
Can Opioids Attenuate some of the symptoms of Psychosis? I ask because there's a dead link on the Wikipedia page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid_dependence#Causes that's meant to support the ...
1
vote
0answers
18 views
Which Enzymes Degrade Dynorphins and what drugs are there available to inhibit said enzymes?
Which Enzymes Degrade Dynorphins and what drugs are there available to inhibit said enzymes?
2
votes
0answers
14 views
How long does it take for the Opioids listed in the Description to induce Analgesia when Administered via IV?
How long does it take for the Opioids listed in the Description to induce Analgesia when Administered via IV? Now I don't mean how long it takes for euphoria to come on but analgesia.
The opioids I ...
2
votes
0answers
10 views
What's the Efficacy of Ampakines in the Treatment for ADHD?
What's the Efficacy of Ampakines in the Treatment for ADHD? Ampakines are a class of drugs that serve as potentiators of the AMPA glutamate receptor. By so doing they serve as nootropic, anxiolytics ...
1
vote
1answer
128 views
Where are doxycycline's anti-inflammatory properties derived from?
I have been looking at this antibiotic called doxycycline which is used mainly as an antibiotic. It has however some interesting anti-inflammatory properties. Does anyone know where these ...
1
vote
1answer
57 views
Does the NMDA antagonist, Memantine that's used to prevent Excitotoxicity cause brain damage?
Does the NMDA antagonist, Memantine that's used to prevent excitotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) cause brain damage? I know that in rodents NMDA antagonists ...
1
vote
0answers
71 views
What's the therapeutic index of Pethidine (Meperidine in the US)?
What's the therapeutic index $\left(\frac{LD_{50}}{ED_{50}}\right)$ of Pethidine (Meperidine in the US) via the intravenous route for humans or whatever species you can find? The therapeutic window ...
0
votes
2answers
90 views
Which range are the Therapeutic Indices of Currently-Prescribed Benzodiazepines in?
A compound's therapeutic index is defined as:
$$TI = \frac{LD_{50}}{ED_{50}}$$
What range are the therapeutic indices of benzodiazepines in? For the method of administration I would prefer ...
2
votes
1answer
115 views
How do Benzodiazepines induce Rewarding (Euphoric) effects?
Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs that serve as positive allosteric modulators of the GABAA receptor by binding to their own "site" on the aforementioned receptor. By doing this they produce ...
1
vote
1answer
42 views
What Conditions must Drugs satisfy for them to be Deliverable via the Transdermal route?
What Conditions must Drugs satisfy for them to be Deliverable via the Transdermal route? I assume a high $\log{P}$ (lipophilicity) would be one, are there any others?
1
vote
0answers
13 views
Which classes of drugs (filed by their pharmacology) induce a release of beta-endorphin?
Which classes of drugs (filed by their binding sites) induce a release of $\beta$-endorphin? I know of agonists of the nAChRs and 5-HT1A and ethanol. Are there any others?
Please cite journal ...
1
vote
0answers
55 views
How do Opioids Stimulate a Histamine Release?
Histamine is a neurotransmitter that also has peripheral functions such as the regulation of gastric acid secretions, allergic responses, etc. I know that opioids stimulate a release of histamine but ...
1
vote
0answers
18 views
Which mixed opioid agonist/antagonist are approved for Human Use in Europe and/or the USA?
Which mixed opioid agonist/antagonist are approved for Human Use in Europe and/or the USA? I know of:
Buprenorphine
Butorphanol
Nalbuphine
Pentazocine
Are there any others? If so I would like you ...
0
votes
0answers
23 views
Do Benzodiazepines Posses Analgesic effects Distinct from their Amnesic and Sedative effects?
Benzodiazepines are defined by their chemical structure (they contain both a benzene ring and a diazepine group), but they also have a pharmacological profile in common: they bind to the ...
3
votes
1answer
56 views
Do serotonergic (5-HT2A-mediated) psychedelics elicit stimulant effects?
I know that 5-HT2A partial agonism is the key mechanism of action of serotonergic psychedelics but I also know that some research (e.g. the selective (no activity on any other known receptor sites) ...
3
votes
1answer
33 views
How does Serotonergic (5-HT2A mediated) Psychedelia work?
How does serotonergic (5-HT2A specific) psychedelia work? I've read that there are some theories that it might involve the induction of a glutamate release in certain regions of the brain involved in ...
3
votes
0answers
65 views
How does the eugeroic modafinil work?
How does the drug, modafinil (Provigil), exert its eugeroic (wakefulness-promoting) effects? I've read that it works by increasing dopamine and histamine concentrations in the CNS and by serving as a ...
2
votes
0answers
26 views
Do SSRIs downregulate or upregulate the 5-HT3 receptor?
What effect do SSRIs have on the expression of the ligand-gated ion channel, the 5-HT3 receptor?
4
votes
0answers
36 views
Do mammals develop tolerance to anticholinergics?
I know that first generation H1 antagonists, commonly known as antihistamines have anticholinergic effects. Their sedative side effects go away due to tolerance, but as for their anticholinergic side ...
1
vote
1answer
92 views
How does toluene inhalation damage the brain?
We just had a discussion about toluene abuse. It is known, that people inhaling toluene for a long time have significant brain damage, including decreased intelligence.
I found that toluene is a ...
7
votes
2answers
190 views
Do hormone drugs affect whether a person feels sexual attraction to males or females?
I know that ingesting testosterone and other hormonal drugs may stimulate libido and increase sexual desire.
But I wonder, if a man ingests female hormones such as estrogen, will he experience sexual ...
3
votes
2answers
290 views
Why is Paracetamol so great?
Every time I get ill (cold, flu etc) I take a couple of these wonderful tablets for up to 4 times a day and I, eventually, get better. What exactly is paracetamol? Why is it so effective and is it ...
3
votes
2answers
187 views
Why is Botulinum toxin the most potent poison known?
Botulinum toxin (trade name Botox) inhibits acetylcholine release in neurons and causes botulism, an acute paralytic disease which leads to nerve degeneration and takes a long time to recover. I've ...
2
votes
0answers
122 views
Are inflammation and anxiety connected?
I've been reading a curious paper about the use of cannabis, and one of the passages piqued my interest:
There’s also been a lot of work done on another constituent of
marijuana, cannabinoid, ...
1
vote
1answer
151 views
Why do drugs which are hormones have long half-life?
Hormones normally have short half-life.
How is it possible that they have long-life in drugs?
