Pharmacology is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function
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Are there any situations in which phenylephrine is preferred to pseudoephedrine?
In the mid 2000s in the US, due to issues of drug enforcement, pseudoephedrine containing medications were brought behind the pharmacy counter and in most cases require ID, and phenylephrine was ...
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1answer
35 views
Inverse of dopamine reuptake inhibitor?
The wikipedia article on the dopamine transporter gives examples of some drugs whose effects are mediated by the inhibition of the dopamine transporter, such as cocaine and amphetamines. Are there ...
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1answer
20 views
What is the disadvantage of having no anticoagulation after pulmonary embolism?
Is chronic anticoagulation always given after pulmonary embolism?
What are the risks or disadvantages
if anticoagulation is not given?
if terminated early?
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1answer
79 views
Confusion related to a term probe-by-background interaction
I was reading a paper related to bioinformatics where it uses the drug response on the cancer cells and the gene expression of the individual cells are studied to find any useful insights. Specially, ...
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1answer
57 views
Does the NMDA antagonist, Memantine that's used to prevent Excitotoxicity cause brain damage?
Does the NMDA antagonist, Memantine that's used to prevent excitotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) cause brain damage? I know that in rodents NMDA antagonists ...
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1answer
41 views
What Conditions must Drugs satisfy for them to be Deliverable via the Transdermal route?
What Conditions must Drugs satisfy for them to be Deliverable via the Transdermal route? I assume a high $\log{P}$ (lipophilicity) would be one, are there any others?
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1answer
587 views
How do dopamine agonists like amphetamine/methylphenidate affect acetylcholine signalling?
Do they increase it, or is the effect mostly neutral?
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1answer
84 views
How exactly does marijuana damage brain cells?
I've heard that THC can cause permanent damage to brain cells. I've also heard this reffered to anti drug propaganda. Another theory i've read is that temporary effects reduce intelligence but long ...
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1answer
25 views
What does “Psychomodulatory” mean in the context of potentially psychoactive drugs?
What does "Psychomodulatory" mean in the context of potentially psychoactive drugs? That is, in this journal article http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028390812001931 in the ...
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1answer
125 views
Where are doxycycline's anti-inflammatory properties derived from?
I have been looking at this antibiotic called doxycycline which is used mainly as an antibiotic. It has however some interesting anti-inflammatory properties. Does anyone know where these ...
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1answer
91 views
How does toluene inhalation damage the brain?
We just had a discussion about toluene abuse. It is known, that people inhaling toluene for a long time have significant brain damage, including decreased intelligence.
I found that toluene is a ...
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1answer
148 views
Why do drugs which are hormones have long half-life?
Hormones normally have short half-life.
How is it possible that they have long-life in drugs?
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14 views
Do antidepressants with their BDNF expression-increasing effects display disease-modifying effects in Alzheimer's disease?
I ask this question because I've looked everywhere I can think of and not one mention of this even though it definitely makes sense based on the finding that antidepressants increase brain-derived ...
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21 views
Are there any examples where 'magic bullet' drugs have worked?
Magic bullets are drugs that can be administered on a micro local scale near the tumour by exploiting the different surface antigens that cancers expose. The drug attaches via an mAb (attached to the ...
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19 views
What are the conditions that must be satisfied in order for drugs to be deliverable via the epidural route?
I ask this because I've read that while pentazocine is approved by the FDA for the treatment of labour pain, epidural administration is not listed as one of its means of administration (which thing I ...
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0answers
12 views
What's the mechanism of action of Levomepromazine's analgesic effects?
I have absolutely no idea as to how Levomepromazine elicits its analgesic effects so please do direct me to journal articles and other credible sources with you, the answerer, making a summary of ...
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0answers
40 views
How does Tianeptine work to elicit its therapeutic effects?
Tianeptine is an antidepressant and anxiolytic that has some additional analgesic properties that's used in some European countries, and the theories I've heard about how it works include the ...
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32 views
Is there a Pharmacology Textbook that Satisfies the Conditions listed in the Body of this Question?
The conditions are:
As extensive and explanatory as Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, Twelfth Edition
With additional extensive and thoroughly explanatory information ...
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17 views
Can Opioids Attenuate some of the symptoms of Psychosis?
Can Opioids Attenuate some of the symptoms of Psychosis? I ask because there's a dead link on the Wikipedia page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid_dependence#Causes that's meant to support the ...
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18 views
Which Enzymes Degrade Dynorphins and what drugs are there available to inhibit said enzymes?
Which Enzymes Degrade Dynorphins and what drugs are there available to inhibit said enzymes?
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69 views
What's the therapeutic index of Pethidine (Meperidine in the US)?
What's the therapeutic index $\left(\frac{LD_{50}}{ED_{50}}\right)$ of Pethidine (Meperidine in the US) via the intravenous route for humans or whatever species you can find? The therapeutic window ...
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0answers
13 views
Which classes of drugs (filed by their pharmacology) induce a release of beta-endorphin?
Which classes of drugs (filed by their binding sites) induce a release of $\beta$-endorphin? I know of agonists of the nAChRs and 5-HT1A and ethanol. Are there any others?
Please cite journal ...
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0answers
54 views
How do Opioids Stimulate a Histamine Release?
Histamine is a neurotransmitter that also has peripheral functions such as the regulation of gastric acid secretions, allergic responses, etc. I know that opioids stimulate a release of histamine but ...
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17 views
Which mixed opioid agonist/antagonist are approved for Human Use in Europe and/or the USA?
Which mixed opioid agonist/antagonist are approved for Human Use in Europe and/or the USA? I know of:
Buprenorphine
Butorphanol
Nalbuphine
Pentazocine
Are there any others? If so I would like you ...
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2answers
89 views
Which range are the Therapeutic Indices of Currently-Prescribed Benzodiazepines in?
A compound's therapeutic index is defined as:
$$TI = \frac{LD_{50}}{ED_{50}}$$
What range are the therapeutic indices of benzodiazepines in? For the method of administration I would prefer ...
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1answer
22 views
Definition of Dye- Reduction Test?
Can some one give a simple explanation or definition on what a dye-reduction test is.
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25 views
What are the characteristics of a promising drug target?
When researchers are looking to start developing a drug, what characteristics do they look for in the potential proteins (assuming they already have good quality structural models)?
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24 views
How does Pethidine Contribute to Serotonin Syndrome?
I ask this because while I did read in this Australian Government webpage that it inhibits the reuptake of serotonin I have seen no studies that have mentioned any such interaction with the serotonin ...
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0answers
22 views
Which receptor in particular does, “MUSCARINIC CHOLINERGIC” refer to in Goodman and Gilman?
On pg. 410 of Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 12th Edition the term "MUSCARINIC CHOLINERGIC" is used (in the context of side effects of antidepressant agents) with ...
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1answer
39 views
Which Enzymes Catalyse the Deacetylation of Drugs in the Human Body?
If you would like more specifics seeing how I realise that this question is very broad and may be difficult to answer in general then hopefully the following will help you out:
I am particularly ...
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1answer
29 views
Does the Enzyme Monoamine Oxidase, Isoenzyme A have an allosteric modulatory site?
Does the Enzyme Monoamine Oxidase, Isoenzyme A (MAO-A) have an allosteric modulatory site? I ask because I would like to know if it is possible, in theory at least, for a positive allosteric modulator ...
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0answers
23 views
Do Benzodiazepines Posses Analgesic effects Distinct from their Amnesic and Sedative effects?
Benzodiazepines are defined by their chemical structure (they contain both a benzene ring and a diazepine group), but they also have a pharmacological profile in common: they bind to the ...
