New answers tagged immunology
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Cytokines is the general class of molecules to which chemokines, interferons, interleukins and others belong. Biologists dispute whether something is a hormone or a cytokine, but generally the consensus goes with if it's to do with immunology it's a cytokine or if the resting concentration is in the picomolar range, but that's a very rough distinction.
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Cellular and Molecular Immunology by Abul Abbas et al. is pretty good, and you can't beat Charlie Janeway's Immunobiology either. Both will give a good introduction to B-cells, antibodies, BCR signaling, and how they fit in to the immune system's structure and function. I own earlier editions of both, and their different perspectives are good for getting a ...
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AndroidPenguin, where did you read that our immune systems are far better than those of 'a cockroach'? This seems pretty strange to me, but I'd be interested in reading a study that compared human and cockroach immune systems if you can provide a reference.
Victor, with respect to cockroaches, there are numerous species of cockroaches. Here's a page about ...
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Different pathogens affect different organisms. We live longer because we have an advanced immune system far better than that of a cockroach and because of a hundred other reasons. A cockroach that were to keep itself well fed and clean would live longer, but they can't manage that as well as they could if they had a brain as powerful as ours. Furthermore ...
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Remember that your coach shouldn't give dietary advice unless he's trained as a dietician. Protein isn't as important as glucose really, that's the thing you burn the most. However you use everything: vitamins to tell the immune cells where to go, proteins to make antibodies, glucose to fuel millions and millions of neutrophils and other cells. Even fat ...
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First question: Yes. The immune system releases pyrogenic cytokines such as IL-1. Bacteria aren't typically used to 37C, they prefer working at under that temperature to function in the environment. Our body however can take a few degrees here or there however this severely compromises the bacterial enzyme activity. The same is true for other pathogen ...
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Q1: Partially. T cells are important for the immune response through pathways other than cytokine release. Being activated by contact with another immune cell presenting their corresponding antigen, T cells proliferate and themselves activate their compatible B cell counterpart. These then produce antibodies specific to that antigen, the basis of the ...
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yes
[Purely my guess] :
I think it will be difficult when simultaneously several infections pop up. There is no antigen presentation (as there is no receiver); it will be difficult to manually deliver different kinds of responses by cytokine injection.
Moreover most cytokines are paracrine i.e they act locally; injecting them would cause a systemic ...
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