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I found an oldish paper on this topic (from 1994). Here's a summary: Determination of the optimal aligned spacing between the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and the translation initiation codon of Escherichia coli mRNAs. by Chen, Bjerknes, Kumar, & Jay. Nucleic Acids Research. (1994) Experiment The authors constructed a series of synthetic RBS regions that ...

Here's an example in which the ribosome is fixed: During co-translational translocation, the ribosome is essentially anchored onto the ER membrane through the Sec61 complex. It certainly cannot move along the mRNA. The mRNA is fed through the ribosome and the nascent peptide traverses into the ER lumen.

Movement is relative. The real events happening in translation are the conformational changes of ribosome makes itself continuous reading the base sequentially. Please refer the biochemistry textbook or cell biology textbook. Indeed, if the ribosome is anchored, you may say the mRNA is moving.

The most important parts of the ribosome are not made by other ribosomes - 5 rRNA (ribosomal RNA) of the ribosome actually do most of the direct work of creating the protein and are made by RNA polymerase ( a protein, but not the ribosome). Then there are 92 ribosomal proteins, which as a rule bind to ribosomal RNA to support their structure and keep ...

The ribosome moves relative to the mRNA by, in effect, pulling itself along it. If both the ribosome and the mRNA are freely floating and not attached to anything else (as in jp89's answer), the relative amount of movement should depend on their relative masses. (Actually, it also depends on how much drag each of them experiences with respect to the ...

An interesting take on this question is addressed in Bokov and Steinberg's hypothesis. They have proposed the ribosome has evolved from a short length (~110bp) of RNA that did not have the translational activity that we associate with ribosomes today. Instead this short length of RNA carried out alternative functions on RNA in RNA based life. Then ...

As far as I can tell from the paper you linked to (Damiana et al) it is possible but inefficient: Naturally, we tried to translate ssDNA, but as previously described elsewhere, direct DNA translation was not really efficient in absence of antibiotics such as neomycin [5] and [6]. It seemed that the elongation phase was the limiting step in the ...

Basically, all 16S genes are highly conserved, i.e., they share much identical bases. This means one can bind the 16S gene piece (after DNA was cut) to a specific other piece of DNA, even if you don't know exactly the 16S gene bases. Everything else is discarded then. Now finally, using PCR the rest is amplified and sequenced. Sequencing 16S only is much ...

The mRNA moves during translation. It is essentially threaded through the ribosome. This has been known ever since polyribosomes were discovered; see paper here. Polyribosomes are a cluster of ribosomes that read a series of mRNA molecules. Often, the ribosomes in a polyribosome will be translating the same mRNA.

As far as I know it'spossible to reverse transcribe a rRNA gene, you may not get the best yields though. The secondary / tertiary structures will be a problem, however, there are reverse transcriptase's commercially available that can handle secondary structure: Thermo-X™ Reverse Transcriptase from Invitrogen or Sensiscript™ from Qiagen.