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Joan Strassman's work is probably the route to go for this. The short of your answer is that several things mediate who ends up where in the slug: Cheaters are limited from exploiting other clones by high relatedness, kin discrimination, pleiotropy, noble resistance, and lottery-like role assignment. Here's the most relevant paper: Strassmann, J. ...

I don't have access to Provine's book, and I can't describe the details of the hooded rat experiments, but here is an attempt to explain the importance of the work. Darwin published “Origin of Species” in 1859. He proposed that modern species were all descended from ancestral species, and that evolution proceeded by natural selection. He believed that ...

This is called the "Thrifty Gene Hypothesis" which was first used to explain why diabetes is so common. Basically it suggests that these alleles would have provided some kind of advantage, over the other possible alleles at that loci, until the environment changed. Then the environment changed and the allele became harmful. Environments are always changing ...