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There are two types of sweat glands: (1) eccrine sweat glands and (2) apocrine sweat glands. Eccrine sweat glands are present from birth in humans and secrete sweat that is mostly water and functions in evaporative cooling. Apocrine sweat glands are found in the armpits and groin regions and become active in humans at puberty (although the distribution ...

For question 1 it's just a biochemical response from thermoreceptor nerves in the skin, temperatures that are likely to cause lasting damage from prolonged exposure cause a neurological response - in this case it's pain. In address to question 2 it is most likely down to the physiological response of vasoconstriction. When the body is cold the body ...

It doesn't matter if its hand or any other human body organ, cold would hurt, the reason being that we humans being warm blooded animal require an optimal temperature-pressure balance to be maintained for our nervous system to work in its natural order. So when we have, in your case, cold hands its like a thermal shock to our hand as the above mentioned ...

This page is pretty complete with examples and references. In summary a lot of the evidence is empirical - you look at smokers and the quality of their skin and compare to non-smokers and the differences are statistically significant and reproducible. It seems as if this is old work, dating from the 1970s. So in many cases these are only observed ...

It has to do with the way that body parts are more rigid when it is cold. This makes them less flexible and more prone to superficial injury....even without frost nip setting in. In the event that actual frost nip set in, this would be even more sensitive, as you have tiny crystals beginning to form in your cells, like little shards of glass......and, ...

The tanning response to UV occurs in two phases: The immediate response begins at exposure to UV-A, reaches a max at 1-2 hours, and fades between 3 and 24 hours. This article speculates that this is due to the redistribution of melanosomes rather than additional melanin production. The delayed response is more durable, occurring by repeated exposure to ...

Goose Bumps (a.k.a. - Goose Pimples) are caused by the Arrector Pili muscles in your skin: Their purpose is to increase the distance from epidermis to the top of the follicle, and increase the area between follicles. This has the effect of increasing the amount of air trapped between the hair and surface of the skin. In other mammals the end-result is an ...

According to several papers (Sawada and Sone, 1992; Wong et al., 1996), increased hydration appears to be the main mechanism by which silicone oil acts on raised scars. Combined with an occlusive dressing, this preparation would increase hydration of the scar site. Sawada and Sone (1992) compared silicone oil treatment to vaseline treatment and found ...

I cannot say the mechanism, but I can confirm it works, and can say that is generally accepted as working, not as some weird dubious treatment. I had surgery to install a rod in my leg after a broken bone. On the advice of my physical therapist, I purchased "Scar Away" brand silicone oil with roller applicator. Placing a thin layer and massaging with the ...