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I've found a good resource for this--an open-access review by Nakamura, "Central Circuitries for Body Temperature Regulation and Fever." In it, the author provides a nice summary figure of the circuitry involved in temperature regulation (see below). As I suspected, the hypothalmus is pretty central to temperature regulation. I had forgotten about the ...

I am assuming that you are referring to a baseline human cooled to a core body temperature of 30C from birth. I am also assuming that you are ignoring the fact that the environmental temperature (and thus the temperature of the extremities) has to be much lower than 30C to cause a core temperature of 30C. Thus, I am ignoring hypothermia-based gangrene, ...

This temperature range would be a compromise between a very low temperature needed to limit natural decay or decay triggered by micro-organisms (the lower the temperature, the lesser the decay) and the formation of destructive ice crystals. Only pure water freezes at 0°C (32°F) under atmospheric pressure. But the content of apple cells and cell walls is a ...

In response to cold your body causes blood supply to the skin to drop in the whole body. This is to conserve heat, but results in us feeling really cold. Exercising reverses this, resulting in an increased blood supply to the skin in order to remove excess heat and in this case we feel hot. As mentioned, the head receives a large blood supply, and ...

Things other than the temperature that could affect whether or not the coat is necessary: Is it raining? a wet dog will get cold quicker. How long/thick is the fur? thin coats of fur will be less efficient at keeping the dog warm than thick. Is it windy? Wind blows warm air out of the fur. How big is the dog? Size & body fat will affect the rate of heat ...