There are four main criteria for identifying neurotransmitters, these are very strict for the definition of something as a neurotransmitter or not.
- The chemical (in your case light) must be synthesized in the neuron or otherwise be present in it.
- When the neuron is active, the chemical must be released and produce a response in some target.
- The same response must be obtained when the chemical is experimentally placed on the target.
- A mechanism must exist for removing the chemical from its site of activation after its work is done.
I'm currently not aware of light fulfilling these criteria so it cannot be cataloged as a neurotransmitter. This is the definition I found in wikipedia, but you'll also find it in any neuroscience textbook like Kandel or Purves