The simple answer is most animals females can fight back. Its similar to the reason male to male fighting often evolves to become more and more ritualized. Fighting is risky, and the closer in size and capabilities the fighters are, the riskier it becomes. Behavior that tends to get you injured for little to no benefit tend not to get passed on. and there is little to no benefit in killing females for a male. Plus a female who is alive can change her mind later, so there is a direct benefit to the male for not harming her.
Now there are animals where a female will be bullied into mating to the point of risking injury or death. Those animals are very rare and have high dimorphism, they have males that are MUCH larger and more dangerous than the females, to the point the female is incapable of being a significant threat to the male. It is most common in animals that express harem polygyny. It also tends to carry the risk of inbreeding.
One horrifying example is hamadryas baboons. Males maintain a harem and threaten any female that even strays too far from the male. They even bite disobedient females.