How does one identify a seed's species & variety, could it be done by some means of DNA or by use of a microscope? Say for example, I had a pumpkin seed, I knew that it was a "small sugar pumpkin" variety, but how would one scientifically identify it to know that it was infact a small sugar pumpkin as well as a pumpkin without going through the process of planting it. Is there some kind of indicator on a DNA level that shows "This is what I am?"
My knowledge regarding biology is extremely basic, but I am very interested in knowing the full process of how this would work.