Ultimately, it depends on what insights you are trying to glean from your sequencing data, but from a purely scientific perspective, there's almost never a reason to pool samples in the the way you described. You pro-con list is not far off, in terms of information lost or gained, but I think it overlooks some of the down-stream consequences of losing that information on your analysis. For one thing, pooling limits your ability to make biologically or statistically meaningful comparisons. For example, if your individual samples are pooled by country of origin prior to sequencing, you have no way to estimate varation within those pooled samples. Because of that, not much can be said about any observed difference between countries beyond simple descriptions of richness and taxonomy. Treated as individual communities, you can look for differing trends, make meaningful beta-diversity comparisons, and actually analyze them with statistics. If you have environmental data, you might even be able to do some meaningful ecological analyses.
Second, as you mentioned, a pooled sample should theoretically have more diversity than the individual samples it was pooled from (at least it should have no fewer unique sequence variants than the richest of the pooled communities), but pooling could also mask community diversity. If one of the pooled samples has a particularly high abundance community that is dominated by just one or two organisms, it could create the appearance that some organisms at moderate abundance in other more diverse communities are actually vary rare, or non-existant. Even at a much greater depth of sequencing, diversity metrics accounting for abundance lose value, since any outlier sample could skew pooled results, creating a false impression of overall community profile.
Lastly, all of the cost-savings assumptions in your post are going to depend on the sequencing center you use and how they bill samples, so there isn't really a straight answer to give. But I will say that the per-sample cost of Illumina 16s amplicon sequencing is pretty cheap (especially compared to the cost of collecting insects from 5 different countries). And because of how sequencing is performed, pooling samples might not even save you much money. Sequencing is often billed per sequencing kit or per lane of sequencing used, not per individual sample you send. So, unless you have someone to share your sequencing run, it's possible that you'd pay roughly the same amount for 5 samples as you would for 95, with only minimal cost savings on library prep and extraction kits.
To summarize, pooling samples reduces your effective sampling effort and limits your potential scope of inferrence. The only valid reason I can think of for pooling samples in such a way would be if you cannont isolate enough bacterial DNA for sequencing from any one individual (which could be the case, depending on what type of insects you're working with). Like I said at the start, though, it really depends on what you want to learn from your 16s data. If the microbiome comparison is crucial to the outcome of your study, I'd suggest sequencing as many individual communities as possible, or at least a subset of individuals from each country (depending on how many you collected). If you don't plan on doing much analysis beyond describing microbial richness and maybe some taxonomic classifications, maybe pooled samples are sufficient for you needs.
