Mitochondria have a proton gradient, is there also a proton gradient between cells and the extracellular medium?
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$\begingroup$ Welcome to Biology.SE! Please provide more detail — are you only interested in proton gradients or also other electrochemical gradients? In general, we expect you to do some research on your own and then, informed by what you have learned, ask any questions you still have (ideally with references to reliable sources). In particular, since it appears you can easily answer this using reliable sources online this question seems to fit this sites criteria for "homework". (Note this can apply to questions not assigned as homework.) Thanks! 😊 $\endgroup$– tyersomeJun 15, 2020 at 21:28
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1$\begingroup$ Cell has potassium and sodium gradients obviously. I am not asking about chemical gradients in general. The question is on if there are proton gradients between cells and extracellular fluid. $\endgroup$– MitchellJun 15, 2020 at 21:33
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$\begingroup$ That's not answered on your link there. So, you can edit your comment and remove that part. $\endgroup$– MitchellJun 15, 2020 at 21:34
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$\begingroup$ Please take the tour and then go through the help pages starting with How to Ask questions effectively on this site and edit your question accordingly. Comments are ephemeral and often unread. ———— I recommend that you delete "similar gradient" from your post or otherwise make clear in the body that you only care about proton gradients. In addition, if you aren't interested in the somewhat trivial answer that many (maybe all?) bacteria (e.g. the ancestors of mitochondria) create a proton gradient you will want to specify what types of cells you do care about. $\endgroup$– tyersomeJun 15, 2020 at 21:45
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1$\begingroup$ @tyersome Yes, bacteria have proton gradients. Question on eukaryotic cells mainly, could have specified that but it's in some way implied since it compares "the cell" to mitochondria. $\endgroup$– MitchellJun 15, 2020 at 22:00
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