Questions tagged [antibody]
A protein produced by the B-cells of the immune system which binds to a particular antigen, a foreign substance to the body.
163
questions
3
votes
1
answer
1k
views
What is A in IgA? [duplicate]
What is the significance of letter A in immunoglobulinA?
What are the significance of other letters D, M , G, E in diffeternt types of antibodies?
- 4,786
1
vote
1
answer
542
views
Blood antigens and immune response
In my textbook, the definition of an antigen is written as follows:
Antigen: A substance that the body recognises as foreign and that can evoke an immune response
The following image also confused ...
- 468
3
votes
2
answers
112
views
Can ELISA be used to detect a plant enzyme? Creating assay for a new enzyme
If the goal is to generate a rapid assay for an enzyme of plant source what are the typical options?
i.e. Could one do something like: Generate an antibody to the enzyme and then use it to create an ...
- 714
1
vote
1
answer
134
views
Why does the blood not clump and result in death?
In this question's accepted answer, it is said that the blood type will slowly change to that of the donor's.
When the blood in the person is about 50% his own and 50% that of the donor's.
i.e, 50% A ...
- 181
2
votes
1
answer
922
views
ADCs: by what mechanism are antibodies internalised [closed]
I read that ADCs (Antibody-Drug Conjugates) act by a -mab for a particular target being bonded to a cytotoxic compound. From my high-school-with-crayons knowledge of antibodies, however, one part of ...
- 123
4
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Why don't antibodies generally bind to food and drugs?
Are these excluded thru central tolerance? What if you ingested something with a unique molecular structure that you hadn't ingested before?
- 101
1
vote
1
answer
2k
views
Is a variable domain in immunoglobulin's heavy chain different from the one in light chain?
I guess yes, there is difference in amino acid sequences of $V_L$ and $V_H$. And so we have 6 different complementarity determining regions (CDRs) per monomeric immunoglobulin as two heavy chains are ...
- 231
7
votes
1
answer
909
views
How plasma cells switches secreting different Ig classes?
In Type 1 hypersensitivity how do B lymphocytes switch Ig classes, from synthesizing IgG to IgE? What is the mechanism? I studied multiple pathology books, it says the same as for IgG secreting ...
- 2,159
2
votes
1
answer
775
views
What is the attacking mechanism of RF on IgG?
Rheumatoid Factor (RF) attacks Fc portion of Immunoglobulin G (IgG), I want to know the underlying mechanism at molecular level. Also, what type of bond or attachment is made by RF and Fc portion of ...
- 23
3
votes
1
answer
439
views
Purpose of antibody wash
It is common practice after surface staining cells for flow cytometry analysis to wash the antibody out of solution before analyzing a sample. I have tried analysis with and without washing the ...
- 1,816
2
votes
1
answer
134
views
Why a repeat wasp sting cause an anaphylaxis shock?
I understand that an anaphylaxis shock caused by a huge dose of histamine. But why the first sting does not cause an anaphylaxis shock like the second sting? As i think there may be a relevant between ...
- 445
1
vote
1
answer
78
views
What is the efficacy of an Ebola antibody response
There is contradictory (~?) evidence in the literature that antibody responses against Ebola are effective in clearing the virus and protecting the patient. Some time ago, I wrote a bit about the ...
- 711
1
vote
1
answer
47
views
How to validate the use of an anti-virus monoclonal antibody in IHC by spiking a fresh organ with infected cultured cells?
I have assessed the specificity of a particular monoclonal antibody against a virus by immunofluorescence. I'd like to further validate it by testing it by IHC. Therefore I'd like to infect cells in ...
- 243
4
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Why is the administration of exogenous Anti-D not harmful to the foetus?
Haemolytic disease of the newborn can result from Rhesus incompatibility in utero. In this disease an Rh- mother becomes exposed to the antigens of an Rh+ foetus by fetomaternal haemorrhage causing ...
- 13.5k
1
vote
2
answers
7k
views
Can you Transfer Cancer Between People via Saliva or other Bodily Fluids?
This may sound like a strange question. But could a Cancerous cell be transferred from one person to another from Oral contact e.g. Through Saliva, or other exchange of bodily fluids?
I know that ...
- 183
4
votes
2
answers
3k
views
Antibodies stored in freezer instead of fridge
Someone from my lab put the box of antibodies in the freezer instead the fridge. Can I hope that they will still work?
- 123
0
votes
1
answer
134
views
Can we use the HIV antibody test to detect HIV in newborns? [closed]
Adults and elder children can use HIV rapid test to test HIV infection. Can we use the HIV antibody test to detect HIV in newborns too?
2
votes
2
answers
413
views
What are the typical values of probabilities for nonspecific binding to an antibody?
I'm physicist by training, so please excuse me if I don't use the proper terminology.
I think there is a way to make a sensor that detects if a single antibody has caught something from the flow. So ...
- 123
5
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Are there any disadvantages to HRP conjugated PRIMARY antibodies
I need to detect a FLAG tagged protein on a western blot and have to order an antibody. I'm not expecting to see a massive amount of my protein. To keep analysis time to a minimum I am considering a ...
- 1,415
4
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Why can we use mouse-produced antibodies on mice tissues?
I have seen biologists use mouse grown primary antibodies in mouse tissue, and they've told me that if the blood is perfused well then there is no problem with this method. How does the secondary ...
- 41
2
votes
0
answers
64
views
Are there anyother method under research for curing rabies? [duplicate]
Why is rabies incurable after onset of symptoms? Although we administer HRIG (lyssa virus antibody) to the patient, why doesn't it work after onset of symptoms? And are there any other successful ...
2
votes
0
answers
276
views
Does antibody staining / immunolabeling block or inhibit protein function?
In dissociated live cells, does staining them with an antibody block the protein's function?
I am sorting cells based on their expression of a few marker genes, and culturing them post-sort for ...
- 321
1
vote
1
answer
677
views
C1q attachment to antibodies
After reading about complement pathway and the complement components, I was wondering, does the C1q component attach to the Fab fragment or to the Fc fragment? The pictures in Janeway's Immunobiology ...
- 3,089
4
votes
2
answers
3k
views
IgA complement activation
Recently, I have been reading Janeway's immunobiology and had a question on immunoglobin A. I read that IgA activates the complement pathway using the Fab fragment of the IgA. How does IgA do that? I ...
- 3,089
2
votes
1
answer
461
views
Fab fragments of antibodies to fight viral infections
I was reading about Fab fragment and about using them to fight of viral infections. It seems that the Fab attaches to the viral receptors, which stops the viruses from attacking the cells. It seems ...
- 3,089
5
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Western blotting with multiple antibodies
Normally I wash/detect with one primary/secondary-HRP antibody pair, strip, then wash/detect with the other primary/secondary-HRP pair which works well. However, I recently started working with a HRP-...
- 3,318
0
votes
0
answers
94
views
How can site-directed mutagenesis be used to suppress the production of anti-antibodies?
In a previous post of mine, I asked how to supress the creation of anti-antibodies in vivo. In the answer, it was mentioned that site-directed mutagenesis could be used. Currently, I can't find mcuh ...
- 3,089
3
votes
1
answer
130
views
How to inhibit formation of specific antibodies (to antisera)?
Is there a way to inhibit an antibody response to a specific antigen using immunosupression? I am interested in reducing the anti-antibody formation to animal antibodies such as murine antibodies in ...
- 3,089
1
vote
2
answers
254
views
human anti-mouse antibody
I have heard about human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMAs) and read that HAMAs neutralize murine antibodies, therefore decreasing the effectiveness of those murine antibodies. Is this true that HAMAs ...
- 3,089
6
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Synthesis of immunoglobulin Fab fragments: Where can I learn about Fab?
I wanted to know the chemical reaction involved in Fab synthesis. I looked everywhere for it. No luck. I know I will find it here.
All I know for now is:
Fab is a monovalent fragment that is ...
- 63
2
votes
1
answer
6k
views
Complementarity Determining Regions (CDRs)
Complementarity determining regions (CDRs) are part of the variable domains in immunoglobulins (antibodies) and T cell receptors, generated by B-cells and T-cells respectively, where these molecules ...
- 2,205
3
votes
2
answers
4k
views
It is possible for person with AIDS be negative for HIV antibodies?
I'm just curious as there was a bit controversy around this topic. It is possible for person with AIDS be negative for HIV antibodies?
As of 1989, the CDC reported that 5% of all U.S. AIDS patients ...
- 651
4
votes
1
answer
2k
views
What is a protective epitope?
What is a protective epitope? An epitope is basically a part of antigen. So does it mean that when the epitope combines with an antibody, it helps in the functioning of the antibody instead of going ...
- 2,205
1
vote
1
answer
385
views
What attracts cells to: pathogens, professional antigen-presenting cells, and cells with an antigen on its MHC-1 protein?
I have a few questions in regards to attraction/stimulation in the immune system.
What attracts leukocytes and antibodies to pathogens in the first place?
What attracts CD4+ cells to professional ...
- 13
2
votes
1
answer
424
views
Calibration curve for single radial immunodiffusion
When we draw a calibration curve for single radial immunodiffusion, the curve does not pass through origin. Instead, there is a y intercept. Why does that happen ? Shouldn't zero antigen give zero ...
- 8,619
4
votes
0
answers
65
views
How can cells produce antibodies despite error-checking mechanisms in their genomes?
How can immune cells produce so many different kinds of antibodies with different variable regions if there are so many mechanisms inside the cells that try to keep the DNA sequence as constant as ...
- 41
2
votes
1
answer
157
views
Why Rh conflict happen but no ABO conflicts?
I wonder why Rhesus conflict can happen during pregnancy and mother can make antibodies against Rh protein (I think the correct name is D protein), but it doesn't happen if mother has different ABO ...
4
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Dimerization of Immunoglobulin G
I would like to know the specific determinants for formation of IgG dimers. My understanding is the stem of the antibody is a homodimer of two heavy chains, covalently bonded through two disulfide ...
user560
4
votes
1
answer
1k
views
What is the beneficial function of IgE antibody?
Dont tell me the "function" of IgE is to cause allergy !
In whatever texts I have seen it is written that IgE is important to cause allergies but what is the beneficial function of IgE ? Why was it ...
- 8,619
1
vote
1
answer
1k
views
How does HBeAg change to Anti-HBe in acute hepatitis
I am thinking this figure
which can also be drawn like this
How does HBeAg change to Anti-HBe?
There are some triggers that stimulate Anti-HBe production after HBeAg level is done.
I think they ...
- 5,139
1
vote
1
answer
777
views
Agglutination test using antibodies
Agglutination test
Latex agglutination using bound antigens : by coating soluble (non - particulate ) antigens on to microscopic latex spheres, their reaction with a particular antibody can be ...
- 8,619
5
votes
1
answer
76
views
Are there baby drinks closer to breast-milk?
Many women cannot or will not feed their children with breast-milk. It is my understanding breast-milk has many advantages over formula. Some psychological like oxytocin and some physiological like ...
user1357
3
votes
2
answers
10k
views
Can more than one antibody bind the same antigen
I'd like to clear something up about antibodies that I'm not sure I've understood in the articles I've read. Looking at concepts such as "affinity maturation", "monovalent antigens" and "polyvalent ...
- 291
4
votes
4
answers
104
views
Anti-antibodies for preventing transplant rejection
Transplanted organs from the donor are attacked by antibodies from the recepient. So can't we construct anti-antibodies and destroy specifically those antibodies which are causing the rejections ? (...
- 8,619
4
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Why are antibodies so expensive?
The amplification on vector transgenic microorganisms and the subsequent purification does not seem that complicated. Also, what are the processes that biotechnological industries follow, in detail, ...
- 1,013
3
votes
0
answers
24
views
Are there any antigen electronic sensors? [closed]
Is it possible somehow to attach antibody to silicon or to other electronic component chemical, and have electronic detector of correspondent antigen?
Does such devices exist?
- 930
4
votes
1
answer
7k
views
Transfer of antibodies in breast milk of humans
Why isn't the IgA secreted in breast milk digested due to proteases of the digestive system in the baby?
Wikipedia says:
The secretory component of sIgA protects the immunoglobulin from being
...
- 8,619
1
vote
1
answer
3k
views
Transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus
My questions: When does fetus begins to acquire antibodies from mother? Does it continue throughout the pregnancy?
From Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_immunity
This occurs around ...
- 8,619
2
votes
1
answer
312
views
Antibody production in secondary immune response
Can IgG antibodies be produced in the secondary immune response without the help of T cells?
Is the affinity of antibody for antigens higher during secondary immune response?
- 8,619
1
vote
2
answers
109
views
The role of antibodies interacting with cancer
I'm learning about antibodies. As I understand it, antibodies detect stranger cells/bacterial/viruses by the molecules present in their membranes. In cancer cells, the cancer cell have produce some ...
- 445