Questions tagged [cell-biology]
The study of cells and their physiological properties, structure, environmental interaction, division, life cycle, and death, as well as the organelles they contain. Also known as cytology.
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What is the difference between an immortalized human cell line and a cancerous cell line?
Many cell lines (like CaCo2) are derived from cancerous tissue, and hence, like any other tumor cell, they have an infinite replicative potential. However, many cell lines like HaCaT cells are not ...
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Does this explanation hold good even in case of Mitotracker red?
When the fluorescence intensity is higher when the depolarization is high?
The more damage to the mitochondria, the more mitochondrial dysfunction and therefore more fluorescence intensity. So, in ...
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Does the molecules in nerve cell membrane change 100% during the life of the nerve cell?
In their lifespan nerve cells do not divide and so they stay the same. They do get damaged sometimes and require some maintenance and change their axons a bit. They also require a lot of energy so ...
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Examples of mechanisms of metabolic trapping inside cells that create concentration gradient
I am looking for examples in biology in which a metabolite that can diffuse freely across a cell membrane (through passive diffusion), once inside, gets modified to a form that cannot diffuse back ...
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Effects of oxygenated water on bacteria
I was curious if any of you would happen to have any experience with this but any hypotheses regarding how this would turn out would be much appreciated.
I’m wondering if water fully aerated with ...
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Explanation behind the observed chloroplasts in Elodea during Hypotonic vs Isotonic Solution
Me and my colleagues put the elodea leaf in distilled (hypotonic) and tap water (isotonic). We observed under the microscope that the elodea under the hypotonic solution became elongated and turgid, ...
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Can multi-cellular organisms transform into single-cellular organisms and conversely?
If we have a multicellular organism A, can it transform into an organism B in its lifespan, so that B is single-cellular?
And conversely given a single-cellular organism B, can it become a multi-...
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How is axis formation in the mouse embryo determined?
I recently came across this MCQ question when revising for stem cell biology exam.
"How is axis formation in the mouse embryo determined?"
The 5 options are as follow:
A. By sperm entry ...
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Is there such thing as "being aware of itself" at a cellular level, or is awareness only a multicellular thing?
It appears to me after a brief thought, that you need multiple cells to send and coordinate messages in order to have "self awareness". Basically, you need some sort of centralized brain it ...
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Proportion of cell layers in the different areas of human cortex
I am looking for any scientific paper or book which could help me find the different proportion of layers across the different areas of the human cortex. I am working on a research project which ...
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Where can I find a video of human cells reacting to cold water vs warm?
I have the following lists:
...
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In atherosclerosis, why do apoptosed macrophages stay on the endothelium?
In atherosclerosis, the following process happens:
Lipid deposits of LDL-cholesterol happen on the endothelium
They triggers an inflammatory reaction of the endothelium: macrophages circulating in ...
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Relation between the number of children and maternal telomere lengths
I've read multiple papers with contradictory findings. Some suggests a strong negative effect by birth-giving on telomere lengths. Others disagree. However, none of them establishes causal relations ...
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Building a better cell detection interface
First of all, i dont know if the following request is allowed within the guidelines of stackExchange, but i will post it and delete it if deemed necessary.
I am a student (computer science) who was ...
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Are all proteins translated by the RER ribosomes destined for the Golgi apparatus?
The proteins translated by the free ribosomes can fold in the cytoplasm and never go through the endomembrane system. But when the endomembrane system is described, it is always stated that the ...
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What kind of bubble this？
This is the MARC-145 I cultivated. Recently, many bubbles appeared in the cells. I don’t know why.
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Does the smoke produced by tobacco affect mitosis in vegetables (plant cells)?
There is a plethora of literature and research studies on the effects of tobacco on the human body and other animals.
I am interested in knowing whether the rate of mitosis in plants is affected by ...
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In what sense is Syringammina single-celled?
In what sense is Syringammina single-celled? For example, if it's true that all cells have membranes (is it?), then how do you identify its membrane? Or does unicellular simply mean that it has only ...
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Need biological system with specific reset process
I need a biological process that can be described as a stochastic process in statistical physics. I am familiar with some processes such as birth-death or gene expression, but now I need a process ...
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Is there a link between SASP and fibrosis?
1/ Fibrosis: Fibrosis is the formation of excessive fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue during a reparative process.
2/ SASP: SASP is the accumulation of molecules and senescent cells in ...
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Are there any good demonstrations of phosphorylation cascades?
So I'm working on this 2D signal transduction pathway computer simulation, and I'm struggling to grasp this process of protein kinases phosphorylating each other over and over again during the "...
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What is the precise definition of "cytokine"?
For example, both bone morphogenetic protein 4 and nerve growth factor are paracrine signaling proteins which promote growth of their respective tissues, and both are known to have some effect on the ...
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Why is the nitrate concentration in a root hair cell higher than the nitrate concentration in soil?
For the exchange of nitrates and other mineral ions to occur between the root hair cell and the soil, the root hair cell needs a higher concentration of mineral ions and nitrates than the soil so that ...
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Cell culture contamination
I've been culturing my cells over 2 weeks and just yesterday these things popped up in my flask , I'm not sure if they're contamination or not.uesterday they looked white and today I found one of them ...
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What is meant by the steady-state activation of a receptor?
I am reading a journal paper about the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor. In this paper, there is the following statement:
Finally, we show that the IGF-IR and the PI3K subunit p85 and Akt are
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Do we know how the different functions are selected when Wnt pathway is activated?
The Wnt signaling pathway is said to allows multiple functions:
Axis patterning
Cell differentiation
Cell proliferation
Cell fate specification
Cell migration
But how are these functions "...
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What cells are secreting Wnt pathways and under which conditions?
Former question: Where and how happen these operations in the Wnt signaling pathway?
I have read about the signaling pathway on wikipedia:
Wnt comprises a diverse family of secreted lipid-modified ...
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Aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondria; anaerobic respiration takes place in the cytoplasm. Is there a biochemical reason for this?
According to hyperphysics.edu, and my general knowledge, anaerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm. ("Anaerobic respiration (both glycolysis and fermentation) takes place in the fluid portion ...
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Relationship between general pictorial representations of cells and reality
As a novice biology student, I have seen a lot of pictorial representations of cells, from a generalised basic eukaryotic cell to specialized forms.
But is it right to visualize a cell as a 3D sphere? ...
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What are the key mechanisms of control and transport of ATP from mitochondria to synapse in active firing neurons?
I am working with a group in the field of neuronal activity (in computational neuroscience), in specific the firing rates at different ensemble/population hierarchies.
It is well established that ...
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Analysing a microscope image
After a session of practical work in cellular biology, I stumbled across this image of human cheek cells. As seen on the sample below several particles envelop one of the cells. What are they?
The ...
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Is colocalisation of a protein with a presynaptic marker sufficient evidence to say that the protein is a component of axon terminals?
I am reading journal papers about the subcellular localisation of the insulin receptor (IR) in neurons.
I have read a paper stating that IR is highly enriched at synapses, localising to both the ...
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Why doesn't the cell just use one messenger?
I recently learned the second messenger model, where adrenaline activates adenyl cyclase, which converts ATP into cAMP. Then cAMP acts as a second messenger which activates portein kinase enzymes. The ...
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When shall we call a secondary Oocyte an Ovum?
My common sense tells me that once ovulation has occurred and the secondary Oocyte is out of the Ovary ,it should be called an Ovum, but my son's high school biology text book mentions a secondary ...
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Lipid Bilayer composition
I am currently taking a course on introduction to biomolecules and the other day our professor showed us a photo describing the composition of lipid bilayers of various organelles in a eukaryotic cell....
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Can citrate in semen be utilized as a source of energy by the sperm?
Prostatic secretions of semen include citrate as one of the component.
The role of citrate in motility has been suggested by some researches.
(Kavanagh JP. Isocitric and citric acid in human prostatic ...
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Confused about the transport of materials across cell membranes
I am very confused about how exactly substances are transported across cells. For example, if a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the cell loses water. If the cell is placed in a hypotonic ...
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Immunoprecipitation efficiency
Immunoprecipitation efficiency
Hi, I need to calculate efficiency of IP.
For that, I had 300microliter lysates containing eGFP (300microliter). I used 2 microliter to carry out BCA assay and find ...
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What is the purposes of these sugars?
What is the function of $\alpha$-D-glucofuranose and $\beta$-D-glucofuranose?
Are they both converted into energy? Or are they just different variations with no particular difference in function?
I ...
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How does ATP work? [duplicate]
I have heard many times that ATP is the basic unit of energy used by cells. People explain this by saying that energy is released when the ATP molecule breaks from its 3rd phosphate group. But what ...
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Need help identifying this microbe
Sorry for the bad image, we don't have a camera hooked up to our culture room microscope yet. But Has anyone seen these kind of (what I'm assuming are) contaminating bacteria before? We see these from ...
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CRISPR-Cas9 system, DNA repair
As a critical stage in the CRISPR-Cas9 system, two different mechanisms of DNA repair can occur in the target DNA after RNA has been introduced: non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous ...
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Can We Determine the Cell Types Ab initio?
Is it possible to find all cell types in the human body and their respective transcriptomes by analyzing the human genome (and doing no physical experiment)?
If such a thing is possible in principle, ...
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What is the difference between a semi-permeable membrane and a selectively permeable membrane?
What is the difference between a semi-permeable membrane and a selectively permeable membrane in cell biology? Is a selectively permeable membrane a type of semi-permeable membrane? Please help.
I ...
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D-Galactose effects on primates?
A lot of studies are made using D-Galactose as a accelerated aging model in rats and mice, but why not in non human primates? How much relevant is the galactose rat model for human health perpective? (...
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What lysis buffer recipe is good for just breaking the cell membrane?
I am interested in the decellularization of plant leaves(more specifically maple) and thus need a lysis buffer. I want the buffer to only break the cell wall and cell membrane and I want to observe ...
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Does decellularization with sodium lauryl sulfate break down enzymes?
I am currently looking into decellularization with sodium lauryl sulfate since it is effective and cheap. My goal is to break down the cells of a plant leaf and release the chloroplasts to be viewed ...
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The springlike behavior of titin problem
I am currently reading a textbook (Molecular Biology of the Cell, 6th ed), and this problem on p. 170 is driving me crazy. I read through the solution given in this book but I couldn’t understand it ...
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What are these ciliates doing here during cell division?
A while ago I filmed a short (20 min) time-lapse of the cell division of two ciliates. However, I noticed something odd with their behavior. They appear to push against a piece of debris in order to ...
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Which programming language is beneficial for a cell biologist who does extensive confocal microscopy and image analysis? Python or MATLAB?
I'm currently learning to acquire images using confocal microscopy and subsequently analyze the images using the Fiji software. I want to know how and where exactly Python or MATLAB is used by ...
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