Questions tagged [ecology]
The study of the spatial and temporal patterns of the distribution and abundance of organisms, including causes and consequences (Scheiner, S.M. and Willig, M.R., 2008. A general theory of ecology. Theoretical Ecology, 1(1), pp.21-28. doi:10.1007/s12080-007-0002-0)
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What is the thickness of the biosphere?
In other words, what is the vertical distance between the deepest and highest point on Earth where life is found?
Life has been discovered at the bottom of the Mariana Trench, 13 km below sea level. ...
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What is the effect of pesticides on worm growth?
As a new semester begins, we were asked to propose ideas for investigatory projects. Our idea revolves around the effects of pesticides on non-target organisms. Since frequent use of pesticides may ...
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Escaping resource limitations during tumor evolution
In their discussion of the importance of r- and K-selection on tumors, Aktipis et al. (2013; figure 3) provide the following illustration of a hypothetical cancer growth curve:
In it, you can see ...
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Negative association between habitat quality and reproductive success in birds
I'm looking for bird studies that have found either a negative correlation or no correlation between habitat quality and reproductive success.
Or in other words, bird studies that have found that ...
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Can we infer the orientation of a moose's head from the teeth patterns on tree trunks?
Background
I am interested in studying the distribution and patterns of behaviour of moose (Alces alces).
Moose chew bark off of the trunks of trees, especially Populus tremuloides. See some of the ...
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Devonian Fish Diversity--What Would it Have Looked Like?
For 70 million years, the oceans, lakes and rivers of the world teemed with seven groups of fish:
Placodermi
Acanthodii
Agnatha
Chondrichthyes
Sarcopterygii
Actinopterygii
Now two of those ...
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What do groundhogs and other subsurface-tunnel dwelling creatures do in heavy rains to avoid harm?
I notice groundhogs and many other tunneling creatures in my yard, the same yard which became pretty flooded during heavy rainfall. I don't see wildlife out during rain storms, but not long after, ...
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Food Intake versus ability to flee among birds, particularly the hummingbird?
Logically speaking, if a hummingbird drinks too much nectar, it will be temporarily overweight and less able or unable to fly to escape danger. However if the same hummingbird doesn't drink enough ...
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Caloric Mimicry
I was thinking about natural "zero calorie" sweetners and how these compounds could come to be via evolution. I was specifically thinking about monk fruit. While artificial selection likely ...
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What would actually be the ecological impact of deep sea mining?
In the last few months I have read a number of articles with increasing alarm concerning the potential of many countries soon engaging in deep sea mining. The idea is that in order to produce numerous ...
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Does Ramon Margalef really stated in 1972 general criteria for Shannon-Wiener index interpretation?
I work as field biologist in Chilean System of Environmental Impact Assesment. Several reports made by colleagues use Shannon-Wiener index for characterizing the richness study area, with the ...
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Apportionment models, niche theory, neutral theory
I am trying to understand the relation between apportionment models, niche theory, and neutral theory of biodiversity. Wikipedia seems to suggest that the first two are the same thing, whereas the ...
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Sediment Size and Mayfly (Explanation + Literature)
I am doing investigation into association of sediment size with the movement of mayfly nymphs in a choice chamber, sampling the organisms from a stream. I will be doing a chi square test to determine ...
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What global habitat classification systems are there?
I am an IT guy, not a biologist or ecologist, but have ended up with (roughly) the task "given this Latitude/Longitude pair, return the 'habitat' at that location". The points of interest in ...
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What to do with this Araucaria sprout
I live in Santiago, Chile, and I see this Araucaria frequently:
For what I have read, it seems to be a female A. angustifolia individual (leaves are 2-3 cm long and a few mm wide, with a very sharp ...
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Is the biomass decreasing?
Is the overall biomass decreasing over time, and if yes, has that trend started within the last say $200$ years (about when industrialization started)?
EDIT. Let me add some of my own attempts to ...
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What's the lowest atmospheric pressure a tardigrade can remain active in?
I'm not asking what atmospheric pressures they can survive (we now they can survive the vacuum of space) I'm wondering at what point a deficit of atmospheric pressure would cause them to enter one of ...
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Does trapper/hunter harvest reflect abundance or community composition?
I'm working on a study where a single professional trapper removes furbearers and corvids (who the trapper is changes annually). I would suspect that the composition of the harvest would be strongly ...
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Is there any example, where cooperative behaviour of predators induce fear in prey population?
I am basically from math background and doing Ph.D in mathematical biology. So I am not so efficient in biology. But my problem based on cooperative behaviour of animals during hunting which is ...
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How did fig tree take root in trunk of palm tree?
Please see pictures below.
I never saw anything like this. Do the roots of the fig tree penetrate the trunk of the palm tree? Is there a symbiotic relationship between the two?
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Should you perform an ordination (such as PCA) of abiotic variables before a Redundancy analysis (RDA)?
I have a dataset of viral 'OTUs' across various sample points from different sites/times.
I also have meta-data collected at these same sample points, for things like temperature and the ...
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Why does Fallopia Japonica not cause issues in Japan to where it is native unlike other countries?
Fallopia Japonica (also known as Japanese Knotweed), is currently causing a huge issue in the English countryside where it was introduced. This is due to the fact that it spreads and grows rather ...
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Female mosquito fate in absence of food
What happens to female mosquitoes which want to lay egg but couldn't find mammal host for blood, will that mosquito simply die, if no mammals in area would mosquitoes will be absent too?
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The mechanism of the evolutionary rate hypothesis
There are several hypotheses for explaining the latitudinal gradients in species diversity (link). Of which, the evolutionary rate hypothesis states that warm temperature increases the rate of ...
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Terrarium Compatibility: Millipedes with Carnivorous Plants?
I have a child that loves his large millipedes (Desert Millipedes) and Venus Fly Traps. He's also been wanting to get some Sundew Savages. Given this little collection and his real enjoyment of ...
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Pattern in parental care behaviour from lower to higher animals?
I was studying about parental care behavior. There seems a pattern present in this behavior in case of vertebrates. The more evolutionary advanced class the animal belongs to, the greater effort an ...
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Names for the degrees for symptoms from drought (or other damage) done to trees
Looking out my window, I see trees suffering from drought. I once knew the name for the degrees visible, but I have forgotten and can't find it on the net.
Attempt at describing "level of dryness"
...
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Classification of degree of infested areas by pine processionary moth on regions
I'm making a thesis about pine processionary moth distribution on the regions of algeria!
i'm making tests about if there are spatial autocorrelation of this insects on the regions.
and i'm doing ...
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phosphorous availability to mycorrhizae and parent plant, timing - paper search
I'm researching phosphorous uptake in monocots to develop planting mixes for riparian planting.
I recently saw a paper suggesting (the author lacked proof) that root zone mycorrhizae may solubilize ...
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Does the edge effect promote biodiversity?
I define the edge effect as:
A term used to describe what occurs at habitat boundaries where two bordering communities influence one another.
My question is whether it generally leads to an increase ...
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Ecosystem naming discrepancies between LANDFIRE ESP and GAP/LANDFIRE National Terrestrial Ecosystems 2011 Datasets
first post here! I am working on a project using the LANDFIRE ESP (environmental site potential) categories, and saw that on NatureServe Explorer I could find broader classifications for the ...
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How do Addax defend itself from predators?
The addax (Addax nasomaculatus) is a critically endangered antelope adapted to live in extreme desert conditions. It has long impressive horns that can potentially serve as a weapon because they are ...
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Could trophy hunting lead to deer evolving to lack antlers?
There was a recent paper in Science which showed that elephants are quickly evolving tusklessness because elephant hunting imposes selective pressure against having tusks:
Shane C. Campbell-Staton et ...
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How does an engineered supressive Lethal (when present in 2 copies) gene drive spread through a population until causing population extinction?
I understand that at the molecular level a CRISPR mediated gene drive works by copying the altered gene (and the drive containing CAS enzyme, and guide RNA) into the other chromosome containing the ...
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Ecosystem Control Theory
I've used EcoNet online tool to analyze an ecosystem. You can run the default model by pressing "run model" in order to follow my question.
Among the extended results there are 2 'Control ...
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Range for which the Verhulst-Pearl model is a good approximate
The Verhulst-Pearl model describes the growth of a population using the differential equation,
$$\frac{dN}{dt}=rN \left(\frac{K-N}{K} \right)$$
where N is the population (no. of organisms), r, the ...
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Are there any studies on the solar latitude limits of different plant species, beyond which they wouldn't thrive even with suitable weather?
Not sure whether this belongs here or in the Gardening & Landscaping StackExchange, but here goes...
According to maps provided in the paper Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate ...
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What is a partial regulator?
Source: MY textbook-NCERT 12th Biology-Ch: Organisms and Population
(Pg 7 of pdf/Pg 223 of the book)
Is this graph for Partial regulators correct? Isn't it that animals tend to be regulators first ...
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What does it mean for Caenorhabditis species to be "pseudoparasitic"?
In this Wormbook chapter, Kiontke says that some Caenorhabditis species live "pseudoparasitically" on warm-blooded animals. What does it mean? What is a pseudoparasite? I understand a parasite to be ...
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What's the lowest temperature a tardigrade can remain active at?
There's a lot of information floating around the net about how tough they are & what they can survive, like "We now know that some tardigrades can tolerate being frozen to -272.8 °C".
But any ...
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What accounts for the apparent lack of biodiversity in "bamboo forests"?
While hiking on the Hawaiian island of Maui, I passed from a forest with normal variety in trees and other flora, to a "bamboo forest" area in which the only plants that I could see were bamboo.
This ...
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Why don't acacia trees prefer increasing tannin levels in their leaves rather than leaving them high?
According to this article, the Acacia tree has a chemical defence system which leads to the release of ethylene in the surroundings when a herbivore grazes on it. This leads to an increase in tannin ...
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Is there any standard of notation for ecological diagrams?
General Question
Is there any convention of how to express different types of relations (e.g., eats, turns into, is beneficial to) and agents (e.g., species, nutrient) in an ecological diagram? I ...
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Is the inhalation of ammonia a possible health problem for bats in an artificial small volume winter roost?
About 70 bats (Nyctalus noctula) spend their winter in an artificial small volume (0,050 cubic meters) winter roost located in the attic of a building. There is a single small exit to the outside ...
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Is there a name for dominant-intraspecific competition?
Some ecological competition dynamics have particular names (e.g.: scramble competition, contest competition, ...). I wonder if there's such a name for competition dynamics where the interspecific ...
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A question about a succession study by Chapin et al. (1994)
The succession study in Glacier Bay, Alaska (Chapin et al., 1994) is an example that is used in almost all introductory texts on ecological succession. In the study, the effect of each succession ...
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Ecological specialization and relative abundance
I am reading Evolution in Changing Environments by R. Levin but have a hard time.
Claim
At page 25, Levin says as a conclusion
The more efficient a caste at meeting the contingency for which it ...
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Stable isotope sample preparation: Bone Collagen
I am performing research in which I need to extract bone collagen from the foot bones of American Beaver (Castor canadensis). I have read through the literature fairly thoroughly on both the ...
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Bergmann's rule and Allen's rule: endotherms and ectotherms
Surface area to volume ratio (in terms of heat conservation) is not the only mechanism, but it is still an important mechanism for explaining Bergmann's rule and Allen's rule. Given that, I want to ...
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How do climate and location affect the Pine Processionary moth?
I have statistics on the occurence of the Pine Processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa); we have the regions that are located in Algeria, infested area in percent, the defiliation degree (small, ...