All Questions
Tagged with endocrinology cell-signaling
9 questions
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50
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Is there one second messenger molecule for each hormone?
I have learnt about a number of different types of second messenger molecules including cAMP, IP$_3$, Ca$^{2+}$ and DAGs. Hormones interact with signal proteins in the cell membrane which transduces a ...
- 131
1
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Why hypothyroidism causes body ache?
In the condition of hypothyroidism the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone level is high in individuals. What signalling/metabolic pathway mediates this sensation of pain which is mostly experienced in feet ...
2
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0
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440
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Why is erythropoietin produced in the kidney?
Erythropoietin is a hormone produced in the kidney to stimulate the generation of more red blood cell. It is triggered by low oxygen via HIF transcription factors. Makes sense. Oops, oxygen is low, ...
- 577
3
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What is the difference between a cytokine, a hormone and a protein hormone?
I'm trying to figure out the difference between hormone, cytokine and protein hormone. It's clear to me that all three are biological messengers, but there seems to some ambiguity and overlap between ...
- 53
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Why is insulin given in type 2 diabetes?
For this reason "insulin insensitivity", or a decrease in insulin receptor signaling, leads to diabetes mellitus type 2 – the cells are unable to take up glucose, and the result is hyperglycemia (an ...
- 4,836
4
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Do two hormones have the same effect on a cell if the second messenger is the same?
There are so many hormones/cytokines/neurotransmitters and receptors, all of which act through about 4-5 second-messenger systems. So if one particular cell has receptors for say, two different ...
- 3,707
7
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2
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2k
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How do chameleons signal cells to change color?
I have read about how they can change color, but is there literature about the chemical signaling process they use to do so? I read that it could be some combination of hormones and neurotransmitters,...
- 371
8
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If so many different hormones/molecules work by activating adenylyl cyclase, how do they have different effects?
It seems that many hormones and molecules work by activating adenylyl cyclase to convert $\text{ATP}$ to $\text{cAMP}$, such as adrenaline and glucagon. Both of these seem to bind to $\text G$ protein ...
- 2,969
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Effect of steroid hormone on specific cells?
As steroid hormones can pass through the plasma membrane by simple diffusion because they are lipid derived hormones, it means that they are capable of passing through every cell of our body, BUT why ...
- 1,205