Questions tagged [endocrinology]
The area of physiology dealing with the production and effects of hormones.
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Endocrine system in frogs, interstitial pressure gradient prevents absorption into blood?
Frogs have an elastic interstitial space and the pressure gradient to capillaries prevents reabsorption (Hendrick, 2013). Does this mean that diffusion of hormones into capillaries becomes a problem, ...
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67 views
Why is the thyroid gland in the neck?
The neck seems like an odd place for it. All other neck anatomy must interface between the head and abdomen (trachea, esophagus, circulation, spine etc).
Surprisingly I have not been able to find ...
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What is the function of dreaming? Does a particular hormone secretion interfere with dreaming? Why do some people dream more?
I'm really interested to know when we are sleeping how a series of stories come to our mind that we called this process dreaming. If you know a useful article on this topic, please tell me thanks.
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Why do patients with type 2 diabetes not show the body wasting seen in type 1 diabetics?
Type 1 diabetes results from the destruction of the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin, while type 2 diabetes is characterized by so-called "insulin resistance", presumably a reduced ...
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Why would it be beneficial for cortisol and corticosterone to exhibit pronounced anti-inflammatory activity?
These questions are always a little silly (as we will never truly know), but it always struck me as odd that corticosterone and cortisol exhibit pronounced anti-inflammatory activity.
Because these ...
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1answer
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Why is angiotensin converting enzyme localized in the lungs
I understand that it's also found elsewhere, such as in renal capillaries, but I can't see logic behind it being located in the lungs. Isn't ACE's function, through making more angiotensin II, causing ...
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1answer
57 views
Are hormones antigenic?
I have been asked whether hormones are antigenic.
I would have to think that the answer is no because they are used as various drugs such as FSH in infertility treatments without the need of ...
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1answer
78 views
Differences between neurotransmitters and neuromodulators
According to the Wikipedia article on neuromodulation
a neuromodulator can be conceptualized as a neurotransmitter that is
not reabsorbed by the pre-synaptic neuron or broken down into a
...
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23 views
Effect of angle of light on flowering of plants
I understand that the angle of light changes the direction of growth in plants (phototropism), but would the angle of light have any effect as such on the flowering of plants?
Thank you!
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Endocrinology - cortisol and its effect on growth
If cortisol has permissive effect on growth hormone then why does patients with Cushing syndrome are of stunted growth ?
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45 views
What are cells not affected by hormones called?
Cells that are affected by hormones are called target cells which have their own receptors that listen to signals. I'm unsure of the actual name of cells that are not affected by hormones, I tried ...
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1answer
57 views
How does the body make sure that Vasoactive Intestinal Protein reaches only the target tissue?
Vasoactive Intestinal Protein (VIP) is a 28 amino acid neuropeptide that has several effects in several systems. These include the cardiovascular system, respiratory systerm, urinary system, immune ...
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Why males are more prone to cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks than females?
I often see more people of males undergoing treatment for heart disease. It is often said that female reproductive hormone (oestrogen) has some cardio-protective action by preventing constriction of ...
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Are neurotransmitters part of the endocrine system?
I was speaking with a substitute teacher of mine, and we were discussing whether neurotransmitters are part of the endocrine system or not. My class just spent an entire semester on the topic of the ...
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Is atrial natriuretic peptide relased when we drink water?
I know that osmolarity is controlled by the hypothalamus and recover by ADH which reabsorb water. It also can be released when ECV is very low.
ECV/salt is controlled by aldosterone/atrial ...
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1answer
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Are all endocrine glands associated with common human feelings?
I was looking at endocrine glands and found it interesting that a few of them have some very understandable feelings/mentalities associated with them. In particular:
Gonads: arousal/romance
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Can stress and arousal be independent?
I'm trying to figure out if it's possible to have a stress response without being initially, or simultaneously aroused. I'm defining stress to be physiological stress (ie. release of cortisol) and ...
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Science behind IGF-1 levels increase in milk from rBGH or rBGT treated cows
It is obvious that the use of rBGH or rBGT increases the IGF-1 levels in milk, but from all the research I have done on the internet I did not find why, well yeh cause they inject that hormone but how ...
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Is it possible for a woman born without any eggs to have normal levels of estrogen?
If a woman has no eggs, she cannot menstruate and cannot get pregnant; but can her ovaries produce normal levels of estrogen?
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Human children with sex abnormalities due to food packaging and river pollutants?
Some news sites are highly vocal about transgender news articles, and also sometimes report hormonal issues due to pollution, like sex-changes in fish and low sperm counts in men.
Is there any ...
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Prolactin and Dopamine throughout orgasm?
Dopamine is also known as a prolactin-inhibiting hormone, which keeps prolactin levels in the body in check. However, during orgasm, dopamine is released to make the experience pleasurable. I know ...
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What happens to eyelids when we feel sleepy?
Why is that whenever we feel sleepy, our eyelids start to feel heavier.
It is not like we can any time close our eyes and will immediately fall asleep. But, when we feel sleepy our eyelids ...
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1answer
80 views
How are testosterone levels distributed among men and women?
Wikipedia tells me that men have 7 to 8 time higher levels of testosterone than women, on average.
Since the hormone is linked with performance in certain athletic events, my hypothesis, which I ...
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Could certain drugs enable one to consistently eat above TDEE or BMR without fat gains?
I heard anabolic steroids and stuff like DNP and ephedrine and etc. can somewhat enable one to eat more and get away with it without much or any fat gain, despite eating more than the body would ...
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What is the net effect of pancreatic somatostatin and how is it regulated?
I've read the following facts about pancreatic somatostatin released from delta cells of the islets of Langerhans:
Blood glucose, fatty acids, and plasma amino acids stimulate somatostatin
...
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1answer
507 views
What's the difference between releasing hormones and tropic hormones?
I've been reading my textbook and two terms have appeared that, after a bit of looking, I still can't seem to be able to distinguish. Here's what the textbook says (McGraw Hill Bio 12, 2011):
After ...
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1answer
142 views
Is there any way bicondylar/bigonial, bizygomatic or bitemporal breadth can change in adults?
Without cosmetic surgery or etc., are there any cases/example wherein a human adult has had a change in significance regarding these regions of the face? I have seen many anecdotes where people have ...
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1answer
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What's the difference between the neuroendocrine system vs endocrine system?
This is what I have understood so far:
Neuroendocrine system involved neuroendocrine cells (also known as neurosecretory cells) that receive nerve impulses by a sensory neuron to release ...
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1answer
63 views
Hormones - biotic or abiotic
Are hormones biotic or abiotic? I have tried reading different articles, and I've found that it is both, but can that be true?
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Why is erythropoietin produced in the kidney?
Erythropoietin is a hormone produced in the kidney to stimulate the generation of more red blood cell. It is triggered by low oxygen via HIF transcription factors. Makes sense. Oops, oxygen is low, ...
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1answer
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What is the difference between a cytokine, a hormone and a protein hormone?
I'm trying to figure out the difference between hormone, cytokine and protein hormone. It's clear to me that all three are biological messengers, but there seems to some ambiguity and overlap between ...
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Delay of sleeping on cortisol cycle
I was told that cortisol has to be measured at 9am or 4pm, because those where its peak level. But I wonder if changes on sleep patters affect the cortisol cycle.
I mean, if I usually go to sleep ...
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1answer
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Why are the hormones dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and serotonin so ubiquitous across the animal kingdom?
As far as I know there is no reason for the makeup of a given hormone to be universal as it merely serves as a carrier from one part of the brain to another. So why are the above hormones seen across ...
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1answer
458 views
Is vitamin D a vitamin or a hormone?
Some people like to say that vitamin D is a hormone.
A simple set of differences between hormones and vitamins is described here.
Vitamin D is not (for the most part) absorbed through food but ...
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234 views
Can men also become only bald on their legs?
Often hair loss that primarily affects the top and front of the scalp will happen to men (and female) during aging. Male pattern hair loss is believed to be due to a combination of genetics and the ...
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1answer
160 views
Does estrogen increase muscular growth in females?
Regarding humans it is said that most psychological effects caused in men by testosterone are caused in women by estrogens. There are many studies on that, particularly regarding temporary shifts of ...
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1answer
227 views
Hormonal terms Somatotrophin or somatotropin?
Are Somatotropin and Somatotrophin hormones the same? It's confusing because when you type in Somatotrophin in google, it says, "a growth hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.", but there'...
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1answer
280 views
How is the urea cycle regulated with respect to protein deficit?
Proteins cannot be stored in the body. Excess proteins from the diet are deaminated in the urea cycle that takes place in the liver. The liver is the first contact since these amino acids are ...
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479 views
What allows the hypothalamus to detect a lack of thyroid hormones?
On the website www.yourhormones.com it is written:
"If there is insufficient thyroid hormone available for the brain, this will be detected by the hypothalamus and thyrotropin-releasing hormone ...
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1answer
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Are releasing-hormones and release-inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus ever present in the blood?
Our teacher said that these two hormones are normally never present in the blood stream, and to be carfeul of it if it comes as a question. I'm not conviced to be honest, is this true?
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Do ovaries produce estrogen before menarche?
It is traditionally taught that estrogen is produced by the granulosa cells of the follicle. But before menarche, where does the estrogen come from? Is it from the thin layer of granulosa cells lining ...
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difference between neurotransmitters and hormones
I have been reading a lot about neurotransmitters and hormones but what's the difference between them both or are they the same? It's been confusing for a while now. Also, why do some ...
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199 views
Are all of our hormones synthesized in the same gland that they are secreted from?
For example, growth hormone is secreted from the anterior pituitary; is it also synthesized there?
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What is the concentration/molecules per cell of iodothyronine deiodinase in a cell?
I'm trying to parameterize an in silico model and need the approximate concentration (M), or molecules per cell, of iodothyronine deiodinase type II (D2) enzyme in a human cell, ideally a glial cell. ...
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How are neuromodulator receptors distributed?
Irrespective of where, when and how neuromodulators are released, eventually they are detected by some receptors in the membrane of a target neuron (typically G protein–coupled receptors)
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Does donating blood lower testosterone levels? [closed]
I'm a guy and I decided to donate blood because of persuasion. My testicles feel weak afterwards specifically. I mean they feel like they're compensating -- assuming that makes sense.
Is this because ...
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450 views
What causes weight loss and fatigue in Addison's disease?
Why would a lack of cortisol cause fatigue? In terms of normal functioning of the gland.
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2answers
788 views
What is the difference between neurotransmitters acting as neurotransmitters and hormones?
My main confusion is what differentiates the action of a transmitter substance as a neurotransmitter and as a hormone. For example, when norepinephrine is being talked about as transmitter substance ...
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What causes puberty to begin? [closed]
I understand that puberty begins when hormones are released from the pituitary gland as instructed by the hypothalamus, but why does the hypothalamus instruct this to occur?
How is this process timed ...
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can dissolving be endothermic process [closed]
can dissolving be endothermic process. I have a container with glucose(solid state) and added water and found the container getting colder. was wondering there is no reaction(just a physical process) ...
