Questions tagged [genetics]
Genetics is the branch of biology that deals with the transmission and variation of inherited characteristics.
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Do TADs derive from operons?
TADs (Topologically associated domains) are DNA sequences in the eukaryotes genome (except plants) that are between two sequences named "Insulator". The genes in TAD just are affected by ...
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If a small population left one continent and sailed to another, would the genes of the population that left show relation to the original population?
This question has a specific context, a religious one, and so I'm not sure this is the right place to ask, but I can't think of a better place. I would like as objective and unbiased an answer as ...
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Is there evidence that most genetic mutations occur spontaneously? [duplicate]
In evolution theory it is supposed that changes in organisms are caused by random mutations of genes. Is there evidence for this? Can' t genes change non-random, that is, directed by the organism as a ...
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Are klinefelter males transgender?
All i know is Klinefelter has XXY in their genome.
My question is does the extra X chromosome result in transgender-ness(if you will) of that person?
P.s. i have very little knowledge about the lgbtq+...
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Can the gene be considered altruistic in the organism-centered view on evolution? [closed]
In Dawkins' gene-centered view on evolution the gene is (metaphorically) considered selfish.
Can we say that in an organism-based view the gene can be considered altruistic (metaphorically)?
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Help with chromosome nomenclature: autosomal vs somatic and germ cells vs allosomes [closed]
So here is what I thought:
Cells can be split into these two groups:
Somatic cells and germ cells/gametes
Somatic cells are every kind of cell a multicellular, sexually reproducing species has, except ...
2
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1answer
69 views
Number of homozygous recessive offspring
A question from the KVPY-SX examination, organised by the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bengaluru, India, held on 3rd November, 2019.
A plant heterozygous for height and flower colour (TtRr) ...
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1answer
39 views
Can you calculate the coefficient of inbreeding (F) without a family history?
Apologies in advance, this question may be completely obvious.
Say, I didn't have a family tree for two individuals. Could I calculate their coefficient of inbreeding? If not, is there a good proxy ...
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Do all tumour variants affect the disease pathway
I have analysed some lung tumour samples for somatic variants which generated a list of genes affected by those variants. I tried to analyse KEGG pathways to see what could they disrupt. However, many ...
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1answer
42 views
What controls the growth of a body?
Everything in our bodies is made of cells - bones, muscles, brain, blood. How do cells know how to build a body? Granted, each cell has a blueprint of the whole body in its nuleus, the genome. Does ...
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Would it be possible to sequence human DNA from wastewater treatment plants?
I know that there are some efforts from scientists working with bladder cancer to perform liquid biopsy from urine for detection and monitoring of the cancer such as this one.
I've been searching ...
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1answer
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How much of male parental matter is still there in an infant organism after birth?
Are the atoms from the father's sperm still there in his baby's cells? Do they get lost during pregnancy? If they are still there, are they in a particular cell? Are they dispersed among many cells? ...
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How are random mutations in cells of an organism controlled?
Even in the most stable conditions cells undergo mutations. So in humans(an example) with millions of cells, mutations must be a common affair. But how is that we are still basically the same ...
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1answer
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What's the most recent common ancestor of reptiles and humans?
In the Phylogeny of humans and reptiles, what is/are some of the most recent common ancestors?
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How do we know genes that are considered endogenous retroviruses are actually endogenous retroviruses and not just ordinary genes?
What makes these genes different as to be classed as an endogenous retrovirus? I've read the entirity of Wikipedia on retroviruses and didn't find the answer. I think it could be that these genes are ...
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What book teaches you about endogenous retroviruses [closed]
I'm interest in ERVs as evidence for evolution and want to learn more about them.
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1answer
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What would cause red-haired people to become fewer?
There is this misconception that red-haired people are going to die out. This person on the Internet ("howstuffworks") also connected it to a marketing campaign of a hair dyer company. But I'...
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aneusomy vs aneuploidy
Simple question: aneusomy vs aneuploidy - what's the difference?
I tried google and PubMed, but although there are articles talking about aneusomy, I wasn't able to find a clear definition contrasting ...
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1answer
42 views
Is there any way to identify if chromosomes are inherited from the same parent?
I'm a PhD student in bioinformatics working on genomic data, and I was wondering:
If I have access to a person's chromosomes, is there an assay that can determine that two chromosomes come from the ...
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1answer
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What is targeted gene disruption?
I am a bit confused about what targeted gene disruption means. I was reading this article in which they compare the Pyrococcus Furiosus genome with a genetically tractable strain P. Furiosus variant ...
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1answer
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What is the relationship between a “main” strain genome and its variant genome in archaea?
I am going to analyze DNA sequencing data in order to try to extrapolate some information about the survival strategy of Pyrococcus Furiosus to gamma irradiation, as maybe you already know from all ...
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1answer
26 views
How can the recurrence risk ratio be calculated?
The recurrence risk ratio is calculated as follows:
$$ \lambda_s = \frac{\text{risk of sibling}}{\text{risk in population}}$$
where the risk of sibling refers to the risk that a sibling has to get the ...
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2answers
138 views
Is there a term for non-DNA gene?
Initially, the term "gene" referred to abstract concept of inherited trait.
Currently this term was hijacked with molecular genetics and means a continuous sequence of nucleotides. However, ...
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1answer
51 views
How to calculate the probability that a mutation occurred?
According to the internet, there is a 7% chance that two brown-eyed parents will have a green-eyed child. However, Dominance says that it is impossible for this to happen. Is the internet correct? If ...
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Can Monsanto's (in)famous hybrid seed crops be cloned/grafted? If not, is there a technical or legal reason?
I understand that the seeds of a crop made from modern-day super hybrids will not, usually, produce the same quality plants in the next generation....
Therefore, farmers have to buy new hybrid seeds ...
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Guide RNAs and SNPs for nanopore enrichment
In which part of the gRNA sequence is it most important to not get SNPs? I know the PAM site cannot have any SNPs but what about other ones? And secondly, are there any positions in the gRNA sequence ...
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2answers
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How can we know which alleles are together on a chromosome?
This illustration says that if the two homozygotes pr+ pr+ vg+ vg+ and pr pr vg vg are crossed to produce a heterozygous offspring (pr+ pr vg+ vg), then:
this cross gives us exactly what we need to ...
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1answer
116 views
What is the map unit between the genes?
While doing some biology I came across this question:
The following tables present results of plant crosses involving two linked genes: S is a seed-color gene, and L is a plant-height gene. Each gene ...
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1answer
57 views
What is the probability of having a son with blood type O? [closed]
So I was solving some biology questions, and this question left me confused. The response is supposed to be 22% according to the answers, but all the methods that I used did not lead me to it. I ...
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1answer
42 views
Does gene isoform have different genetic location?
I would like to understand how a gene is assigned to a specific coordinate (e.g. NOC2L Chr1 879583(Start) 894679(End)). Next, let's say NOC2L gene has a few different isoforms, do those isoforms ...
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Novel bacterial strains of bacteria first isolated on the International Space Station, did the space environment lead to these genetic changes?
Question
Methylobacterium ajmalii sp. nov., Isolated From the International Space Station (Bijlani et al. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, p. 534, 2021) is a thorough analysis of "novel strains&...
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Genomic library preparation: Why does the restriction enzyme not cut into the gene?
I am currently trying to understand creating a genomic library more profoundly. In most textbooks I read (as well as wikipedia), they mentioned that the genomic library is created by isolating the DNA ...
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1answer
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Can a strand not be synthesised in 5' -> 3' direction?
I've been solving some biology questions, and according to one of them ( I have the responses too) the following phrase is false:
"Both strands are always synthesised in the 5' to 3' direction.&...
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1answer
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Is it possible to use two forward primer and one reverse primer?
I have eGFP and the gene fragment i assembled by pcr.The next step is that i have to join my fragment fragment into 3'p end of the eGFP.I have three primers FP1 is forward primer for eGFP, FP2 has ...
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1answer
514 views
Inheritance simulator not working properly
I created a python program to simulate inheritance (a simplified version of it) to better understand how it works. A person is represented by a class that contains a chromosome property, a method for ...
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Why is Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) less effective for interspecies?
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT), a process for replacing the nucleus of an egg cell with a nucleus containing genetic information of a different animal, seems to be very useful for cloning and ...
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Is sonic hedgehog a gene or a protein or both?
Is sonic hedgehog a gene or a protein or both?
I think sonic hedgehog is okay as a name for a chemical.
Having said that, I am a little bit concerned about the way sonic hedgehog seems to mean the ...
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52 views
Direction of translation/transcription
Perhaps it would not be wrong to say that "translation/transcription goes in the direction of 3' to 5'" or "in the direction of 5' to 3'";that's because these statements are ...
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1answer
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Is it possible to use PCR to test for Machado-Joseph disease?
Machado–Joseph disease (MJD) is a rare inherited neuromuscular disease that is caused by a mutation in the gene ATXN3. The protein encoded by this gene contains "CAG" repeats in the coding ...
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1answer
66 views
Does mitochondrial eve have to exist?
Suppose we took all living humans and found the set of their mothers, mothers' mothers, etc. and then traced down as far as possible. Is there a logical reason that this tree has to converge to one '...
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1answer
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How do you determine “in which direction” DNA is shared between groups of people
In popular DNA ancestry tests you can read lines like "you have 2% neanderthal dna" or "you have 20% italian". How can you distinguish between a person having 20% italian vs ...
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Is CRISPR being utilized when scientists use the CRISPR/Cas9 system to edit genes?
"CRISPR" and "Cas9" are different things. When a virus attacks a bacteria, the bacteria stores the viral code of the virus in CRISPR. And when the virus attacks again the Cas9 ...
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1answer
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Can hunting of large specimens of a species make the size and weight of the species tend to be smaller?
Siberian tigers in the wild don't grow as much as they used to be in past (in the 1900s).
Their average weight was measured 176 kg in 2005 study. But it was also said that those tigers observed in ...
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Is there “stem” organelles in plant meristems?
Two cytoplasmic genomes exist in plant in addition to the nuclear one. As far as I understand, they divide more or less during the entire life of the plant along with cell proliferation/growth in ...
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3answers
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How likely is a lack of DNA match with a distant relative?
How likely is a lack of DNA match with a distant relative?
I have recently gotten interested in ancestry research and have had a DNA analysis performed by a prominent commercial provider.
I've been ...
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1answer
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Impact of Terminator Efficiency in Genetic Constructs
I was looking at the iGEM Bioregistry of Terminator parts which offer varying degrees of termination efficiency. I am wondering why studies into combinatorial synthesis of genetic circuits for ...
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What is the life of cell-free genetic circuits?
Can genetic circuits be tested in a cell-free environment? What would be their life if we keep them at room temperature?
The circuits which are composed of DNA-based components are commonly referred ...
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1answer
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Why is DNA replication not 100% accurate
I've been reading about DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and how this process improves DNA fidelity. However, I was wondering, what is stopping MMR from correcting all mistakes in the daughter DNA with 100% ...
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1answer
142 views
Why is male balding so common in comparison to female balding?
I have heard that over 30% of men will be bald by 30, and that 60% will be bald by 50. However, I hardly ever see a bald woman unless it is a story about a cancer survivor or someone going through ...
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2answers
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Why is haemophilia unviable in later stages of life?
A sentence in my textbook is:
The possibility of female being haemophilic is extremely rare because mother of such a female has to be at least carrier and the father should be haemophilic (unviable ...
