Questions tagged [genetics]
Genetics is the branch of biology that deals with the transmission and variation of inherited characteristics.
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Meaning of 5’–3’ in relation to ORFs
I was reading a paper in the journal Molecular Basis of Disease, which stated:
The ORFs are arranged as replicase, and protease and major S, E, M,
and N proteins which follows a typical 5’—3’ order ...
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Do we come to know which allele is dominant by seeing family genration tree only?
I know that a Gene has Alleles (variation) and one is Dominant over Other i.e the Other Recessive.
Then I got a Thought that How can we tell whether an Allele is Dominant or Recessive...... and I came ...
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Genes are linearly arranged on the chromosome
Could someone please explain the meaning of the statement given by TH Morgan:
"genes are linearly arranged on chromosomes"
Since according to my knowledge there are noncoding parts in ...
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Can alleles have cyclic dominance?
Do the relationships between alleles always form a hierarchy? Ignoring partial and codominance, can alleles have a cyclic relationship? For example, is there anything that exists analogous to the ...
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Where from STOP CODONS come?
Recently I was reading about Molecular genetics. In which that is Do the stop codons which is present in mRNA come from DNA by transcription or it is attached after transcription.
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Why do I get cytosine to guanine/adenine transitions in bisulphite treated sequences?
I got my sequencing results (bisulphite treated and non treated sequences of same species Allium cepa) and now I have to do analysis in Cymate online tool. I prepared all sequences as it is written in ...
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Why dont the key colors match up with the nodes on my MJN network in PopART?
When I run the MJN in popART the key colors don't match up with the nodes on the network. For example, The key color for "Asia" is green but on the network, other populations are showing up ...
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Parental influence on offspring
A (male) and B (female) have two children, C (male) and D (female). Is there some reasoning to the argument that C will show more characteristics of the male lineage than the female and vice versa?
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Who discovered DNase?
I was recently studying genetics in which DNase had a crucial role in proving DNA to be the genetic material and I tried to find who discovered DNase (like the discoverer of DNA) but in vain.
Who ...
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What's the role of SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) in a disease when there is no gene associated to that SNP
I am quite new to the field of GWAS (genome-wide association studies), and I'm combining GWAS results and single cell analysis on type-1 diabetes (T1D), to see the role of cell specificity on the ...
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Are Oct4 and Oct3 the same protein?
Are the transcription factors Oct4 and Oct3, who are encoded by the POU5F1 gene, actually the same protein, or alternative spliced products from said gene?
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At what point during an organism’s lifespan do mutations occur?
I’m a software developer and I’m implementing something called a Genetic Algorithm. I would like some input on when during an organism’s lifespan mutations occur.
Genes mutate throughout the lifetime ...
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Recombination Data Set
So I was looking over some genetics question and came across this data set.
In Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, there is a dominant gene b+ for grey body color and another dominant gene c+ for ...
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What does an allele frequency of 0 mean in gnomAD v3?
There is a single nucleotide variant: 18-47394-G-A (GRCh38) with an allele count and allele frequency of 0.
As I understand it, this means that there are no alleles in the population with this variant,...
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What new information does PheWAS add beyond GWAS?
I am trying to understand Phenome-Wide Association Study (PheWAS). If I understand correctly, PheWAS appears to be just the reverse of GWAS (finding gene-trait associations using traits instead of ...
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Do single oligo sgRNAs for CRISPR require a modified CAS9?
I am attempting to use CRISPR to insert a tag into a gene. The way we have done this in the past is to use separate crRNA (with a sequence to interact with the tracr) and the universal Tracr sequence ...
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Empirical Measurements of Barr Body Ratio
'Both X-chromosomes in a female have an equal chance of becomes a Barr body in each cell.' Every source I can find on Barr bodies claims this and I can think of no reason for why it may be wrong. What ...
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Could DNA replication fail in the far future? [closed]
Assuming that all environmental conditions on Earth remain the same in distant future, the tendency of nature to increase entropy would cause the chemistry and the mechanism of DNA replication to ...
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Role of epigenetics in evolution and transmission of defects caused by drugs
In a documentary, they were saying that epigenetics changes caused by the environment in an individual can be transferred to the following generations. I have some questions on that:
How many ...
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The Proofreading Function of Coronavirus Polymerases
I have heard that the Coronavirus family have a proofreading and editing function in their polymerase enzymes which can recognize and excise mutations. This is obviously disastrous for the population ...
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Alleles and Ploidy [closed]
I was recently studying inheritance and variation and came across a sentence:
A diploid organism can show only two alleles
How is this possible?
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How do genes determine facial features?
What is known about the genes responsible for inherited facial features — the family resemblances that are so recognizable? Take for example a particular shape of nose: which gene or genes make it ...
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1answer
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Are probabilities of mutations symmetric?
For the premise of this quiestion let's assume that there is an allele A and an allele B. The allele A has a probability P to mutate into the allele B in the given timeframe.
Is it also true that the ...
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Why are Chromosome Territories important?
Chromosomes occupy discrete regions of the nucleus, referred to as 'Chromosome Territories'. This spatial organization is emerging as a crucial aspect of gene regulation and genome stability in health ...
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Do identical twins have the same metabolism rate at birth?
Will monozygotic twins defecate at the same time if fed at the same time during the first weeks of life?
They should have the same genetics (and epigenetics) since they are monozygotic and the same ...
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Rigorous definition of the kinship coefficient and proof of a recursion thereof
I am reading Section 5.2, Kinship and Inbreeding Coefficients, of Kenneth Lange, Mathematical and Statistical Methods for Genetic Analysis. There the kinship coefficient $\Phi_{i,j}$ is defined for ...
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Genotypes without Recombination
When given that the parent generation's genotypes are linked traits, how do you determine the genotypes of the F1 generation when no recombination has occurred. For example, given the parents BbNn ...
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Can the self correction mechanisms in cells imply that the DNA code to a degree is self modifying
There is an argument that proteins coded by 20 amino acids via the DNA program has so few successful protein formation that a search never can reach the complexity of it via natural selection and ...
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1answer
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Evolution: Can the genotype frequencies change, but the allele frequencies remain constant?
If a population isn't evolving because it's in Hardy-Weinberg (HW) equilibrium, then I know that both genotype and allele frequencies must stay constant.
My question is, can evolution still not occur ...
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How to build SEG in your personal environment?
I'm trying to implement SEG (Wootton & Federhen,1993) in my MATLAB and Python environment. From this oriinal article I cannot figure out what I need to build my script. Are there any related ...
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1answer
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Limits of gene editing
I was reading some articles about CRISPR and the world of gene editing, but then a lot of questions for which I couldn't find any answer online came into my mind. Those are all about how far can we ...
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1answer
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Different Mutations Leading to Same Allele?
Can different mutations lead to the same allele? In my genetics books, I always see alleles referenced as, eg. Aa where A = dominant and a = recessive, but are these strictly binary phenotypes? Since ...
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1answer
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The significance of haplotype blocks
I looked up haplotype blocks in Google Scholar, and the results returned seemed to show that almost all the relevant articles were published between 2001 and 2009, with almost nothing since 2010.
Why ...
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Why is the 5′ end of DNA a monophosphate?
According to my textbook:
While the 5′ end of a DNA strand is typically a monophosphate, the 5′
end of an RNA molecule is typically a triphosphate.
Source: Biology: How Life Works, 3rd Edition
How ...
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1answer
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Monozygotic vs Dizygotic heteropaternal superfecundation
Update: I had a wrong assumption.
After triple checking, I now see that how ordinary monozygotic twins arise is 1 sperm and 1 ovum and then later the zygote splits up.
(1.1. and that that phil and ...
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1answer
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What is the word for a group of genes inherited together?
I know the words haplotype and haplogroup, as well as genetic linkage, but...
I recently came across a new phrase describing genes which tend to be inherited as a group, and wrote it down, but now ...
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Is natural selection actually random?
In the Theory of Evolution, two main factors take place:
One is random, which are the different mutations that organisms' DNA suffer. This process adds genetic variability to a given population.
The ...
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Tree-pest coevolution
Many trees first reproduce decades after germination. Many pests of trees reproduce in under a year. It would seem that the pests have an advantage in the evolutionary arms-race, as they can evolve ...
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Can there be traits which aren't possible objects of selection, e.g. beneath a “threshold of genetic noise”?
Is it possible that there are traits that might not be possible objects of the selection because of highly sensitive dependence on genotypes? The context of my thought came when I was having a ...
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How do ribosomes interpret stop codons as selenocysteine and pyrrolysine?
How does the protein synthesising machinery determine that UGA and UAG in mRNA should be decoded as selenocysteine and pyrrolysine, respectively, in certain circumstances, rather than as stop codons?
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Pre-Mendelian genetics
In the 18th century, Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter concluded from his plant experiments that in some hybrid generations the characteristics of grandmother generation, grandfather species and F1 generation ...
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How is knowledge about farming transfered between generations in farming ants
There are some varieties of ants capable of "agriculture", e.g. dairing ants farming aphids and leaf-cutting ants farming fungus.
How is the knowledge about the techniques involved passed ...
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How do the CFTR alleles interact within an individual with Cystic Fibrosis when mutations of different classes are present?
So mutations in CF are classified by the severity of the impact on the production of the CFTR.
But an individual may have two different CFTR mutations.
I assume that the least severe mutation of the ...
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1answer
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De novo mutation selectivity
I was recently reading about genetic diseases and came to understand that many of them are caused by de novo mutations in the prezygotic or early embryonic stages of the life cycle of the organism. ...
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1answer
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Help Finding Specific BlaZ Gene Type Sequences on Genbank
I am doing an undergraduate research project that involves blaZ gene typing for different strain types of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria; for reference, here are some of papers on this topic that ...
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Would tattoos be considered a phenotype?
I'm trying to understand how broad the definition of "phenotype" is. If someone gets a tattoo, would that tattoo be considered part of their phenotype?
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Do viruses pickup new genetic sequences from the host cell?
Virus replication does not involve meiosis so the virus genome does not gain diversity from having two parents , so other than from mutation, do viruses obtain new genetic sequences from the host cell ...
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Why is cannibalism not an evolutionary stable situation?
In the 'the selfish gene' Dawkins writes (page 109):
"The reason lions do not hunt lions is that it would not be an ESS (evolutionary stable situation) for them to do so. A cannibal strategy would be ...
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Cell division in primordial eucaryotes
The evolution of eucaryotic cells is usually described as an event wherein one procaryote engulfed another probably smaller procaryote and rather than the engulfed procaryote being taken apart the two ...
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How many of the four meiotic daughter chromosomes of a homologous pair can be recombinant via crossover?
In graphics I've seen, crossing over occurs between the "inner" two chromatids in a side-by-side arrangement of two duplicated chromosomes:
This suggests that only two of the four meiotic daughter ...
