Questions tagged [genetics]
Genetics is the branch of biology that deals with the transmission and variation of inherited characteristics.
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What really is an allele?
My textbook says:
genes which code for a pair of contrasting traits are known as alleles.
Then that means T and t are alleles. Further, it says:
Mendel also proposed that in a true breeding, tall ...
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Are there any genetically modified GMO squash with a vine growth habit which grow back from the root?
When I cut Scottish thistles with scissors, the thistle grows back from the tap root.
When I accidentally step on squash vines, the squash vine dies.
I was wondering if genetics research has produced ...
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How random is genetic recombination?
Two parents can have a very large number of different potential offsprings, and it's common knowledge that the daughter chromosomes in meiosis are produced randomly, i.e. in crossover, the exact spots ...
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What actually causes temporal isolation
Temporal isolation is caused when members of the same species are available to reproduce at the same time. How is such a phenomenon even possible, is it caused by mutations which lead to a certain ...
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Is it possible for two fraternal twins to be completely different at the genetic level?
Given that the 46 chromosomes split evenly during meiosis, if the even pairs of the male gametes match with an even pair of the female gametes, the offsprings in theory should be carrying chromosomes ...
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How do we know that the DNA we share with other species (especially primates) isn't fully the result of transposable elements?
I recently read a couple studies that concluded the 25% of genetic similarity between cows and reptiles is actually primarily due to TEs (transposable elements) rather than common ancestry.
Here's the ...
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How is melatonin production related to proteins produced by clock genes?
I am a high school student learning about feedback mechanisms. My teacher gave an example of how proteins produced by clock genes are related to melatonin production. However, I'm confused about the ...
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Can We Determine the Cell Types Ab initio?
Is it possible to find all cell types in the human body and their respective transcriptomes by analyzing the human genome (and doing no physical experiment)?
If such a thing is possible in principle, ...
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What are the chances that parents and siblings are also carriers when a child is a carrier for autosomal recessive disorder like sickle cell disease?
I understand the inheritance pattern from parents to children for autosomal recessive disorders. Here, I am trying to calculate two probabilities when child is a carrier
Probability of parents being ...
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How similar are polyembryonic plant siblings to each other?
I successfully germinated all the seeds I found in a Yuzu fruit. From about half of the seeds there are 2 little plants growing, like in the picture. I understand this is due to the occurence of ...
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Why would GREML in GCTA treat SNP effects as random effects?
I've read many papers, but none of them gave clear answer to my question.
For example,
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41576-019-0137-z#Sec5
The univariate GREML approach can model multiple random ...
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Is there a term for a sequence of genomes for a family?
Suppose that I am following how a "familial" genome changes throughout generations. That is, I have the genome of a grandmother, father, and daughter, and my objective is to see how the ...
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Is there a difference between adult onset and child onset atopic dermatitis and what is the role of the skin microbiome in the condition?
I am a novice in the field of skin microbiology. I am looking to learn about the skin microbiome and its role in atopic dermatitis. As of right now, based on my readings that the biodiversity of ...
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What colour skin would the child of someone with albinism have?
My question is assuming the baby doesn't have albinism. If the mother has albinism and her family all has dark skin and the father doesn't have albinism and has light skin, would the baby just get the ...
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What are the relative frequencies of dominance and codominance in genes underlying phenotypic characters?
Many questions already exist regarding dominance/recessive relationships, see e.g. here. I am asking this question because I have often wished to have it to refer to, and also genuinely curious ...
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What would a human with only dominant allele look like?
So I learned that out phenotype is determined by our allele, wheter they are recessive or dominant.
I was wondering, what would a human look like if for every gene they had the dominant allele ? (...
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Why is DNA not single stranded? [duplicate]
From what I have researched DNA is not single stranded, because if it was single stranded, nitrogenous bases (the 'information' of the DNA) would be exposed to the cellular environment (although, I ...
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Is there a name for this type of diagram?
Is there any commonly used name for this type of diagram / symbology? I have not been able to find them referred to by any name.
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Epistatic relationships between genes
I'm super confused with the following question:
A researcher working with yeast identified two haploid mutant strains (strain A and strain B) in two different genes essential for yeast growth, A and B....
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Non-toxic reporter gene or other transgenic DNA integration verification method that does not kill/damage organism?
I have been thinking that I will just use EGFP to know whether my attempted transfection was successful, but I've been coming across some publications that over expression of GFP can cause cell death. ...
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Production method of custom seed mir451? How to edit middle of a fragment?
I am trying to create a plasmid that produces mir451 targeting a new gene, so I need to alter the seed sequence. The seed sequence is 7 bp long, so I think that is too long for PCR mutagenesis. How do ...
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Can bottlenecked potato immunity defence be increased with knockouts?
I read in a Swedish newspaper advertisement some years ago that genetic intervention had been used to knock out part of the plant immunity defence. This advertisement was paid for by a potato farmer's ...
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How do DNA methylation canyons/DNA methylation valleys/DMCs differ from CpG islands?
Are these just both regions of the genome that are undermethylated? Is the only difference that for something to be a CpG islands it needs a high level of CpG sites and DMCs don't?
So could a 3.5kb ...
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Is there any disease that is proven to originate from malfunction of alternative splicing or post translation changes in the genome?
The most common diseases with genetic origin like muscular dystrophy seem to originate from issues with the primary structure of the DNA itself. Also it seems to be somewhat controversial as to ...
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Molecular biology - Lewin's Gene Xi vs Molecular Biology of the Cell by bruce albert [closed]
I am an undergraduate and want to start reading about molecular biology. to anyone who has read both books please let me know your thoughts. which one should I go with?
Lewin's Gene Xi or Molecular ...
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Availability of information on genes in Gnomad VCF data
Im new to gnomad and genetics in general and i was wondering does the gnomad genome data that is downlaoded in the vcf format on variants contains information of what is the nearest gene and is the ...
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Correct description of ALDH7A1 and other genes
A quote from a review paper:
ALDH7A1 gene (discovered in 2006), which is located at chromosome 5q32.2, contains a transcript of 4964 base pairs and 539 amino acids divided among 18 exons [1,10,16,17]....
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Genetics question on recombination frequency
A space probe discovers a planet inhabited by creatures that reproduce with
the same hereditary patterns seen in humans. The phenotypic characters are
height (T=tall, t=dwarf), head antennae (A-...
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Are there women that can always "select" a spermatozoon with X or Y chromosome?
In women when there are spermatozoons near to perform a fecundation, their egg cells emit some substances to attract the spermatozoons they "consider" would be a best match.
Here a link for ...
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If crossing over did not occur, would pairs of cells after meiosis II have the same genes?
If crossing over did not occur, would there be two pairs of cells with the same chromosomes after meiosis II? This question came to my mind while I was reading through my bio textbook. After meiosis I,...
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How are correlations between genes and observed traits made?
If a given organism has a certain characteristic (a chemical that's produced, a place an organ or organelle is in, a particular behavior), what's the general procedure for correlating that ...
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Inferring mother's allele probability based on father and children
I am currently in the process of analyzing our family's genome. I do have access to his, mine and our father's genome, but not to our mother's (deceased). I was wondering how I could combine our 3 ...
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Is there such a thing as 'genetic memory'?
I have come across the concept of genetic memory in two books I recently read:
In the book 'Call of the Wild' by Jack London, a dog called Buck has memories of a primitive hairy man who presumably ...
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What is the the meaning of Coordinated effects in genetics?
I want to find the definition of Coordinated effects
in the paper enter the matrix link the author defines "Complex biological process" as
coregulation or coordinated effect of multiple ...
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how mendel was assured that the dwarf pea plants had a homozygous genotype, so that he performed the test cross with the dwarf plant? [duplicate]
since Mendel performed the test cross with help of a dwarf plant so that he could get the genotype of the tall plant (homozygous or heterozygous), how was he so assured that the dwarf plant he chose ...
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How did Mendel know if a plant was a homozygous tall (TT), or a heterozygous tall (Tt)?
I had some issues while studying Mendel’s rules of inheritance.
How did Mendel, while running his test crosses, know if the plants in his F0 generation were TT (homozygous tall) or Tt (heterozygous ...
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Plasmids for high school students?
For a final project in AP Biology, I am planning to design an experiment that uses the plasmid #170380 from Addgene. However, under availability they say "Academic Institutions and Nonprofits ...
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Maximum number of chromosomes a human can have without dying? [closed]
I know that trisomia of chromosome 21 gives a person the Down's syndrome. Sometimes one can have sex-chromosome trisomia, and it is not apparent until adolescence. Certainly none of those problems ...
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Are there limitations in using DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) to identify candidate enhancers?
Candidate enhancer regions are often defined in studies by DHSs and/or certain chromatin marks. I was wondering if DHSs are exhaustive for identifying possible enhancer regions, and if there is any ...
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Herbicide resistant crop plants
Consider the above multiple choice question. I can't seem to understand why the answer is B. How does genetically modifying the crop plant have any effect on the weeds?
The way I understand genetic ...
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How does sequencing for breakpoints of chromosomal rearrangements work?
I have been trying to find an explanation for this image in the genetics textbook which I have a difficult time understanding
Why is PCR product produced in normal sequence for deletion, but not in ...
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Why are homologous chromosomes similar?
I was recently studying gametogenesis (I'm a medical student), and I was thinking about meiosis and fertilization. So on the surface it sounds simple, 23 s-chromosomes from the father and 23 from the ...
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How to list coding/noncoding genomic regions linked to significant SNPs?
For QTL analysis in mice GEMMA was used to get P values ("p_lrt" column) for SNPs. GEMMA output (...assoc.txt) file excerpt:
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Location of Kozak Sequences
Are Kozak sequences always found within the first exon? I know that the first exon must be right next to the promoter so that RNA polymerase can start transcription, but just wondering how that would ...
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Why are hydrogen bondings in DNA-RNA hybrids weaker than hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA or two strands of RNA?
One of our professors asked this question and mentioned that "studies proved this". I can't find any answer.if someone knows a book, article,etc that can help or can explain the reason for ...
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Chance for a Female to Inherit an X-Linked Dominant disorder
A few days ago I had an MCQ on a test that read:-
Females have _____ % more probability of inheriting an X-Linked
Dominant disorder.
A) 50
B) 25
C) 17
D) 1
The answer in the key was C: 17%.
I think ...
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What does the term "centromere linkage" mean in genetics?
I am currently learning about tetrad/linkage analysis in yeast. I have read two statements similar to this:
If two genes are unlinked, but linked to the centromere the distribution will be 50 ...
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What is a "marker-matched" plasmid?
I see this term used a lot in papers and have trouble understanding it. From what I have gleaned it seems they are used during control experiments, perhaps with the goal of making the control plasmids ...
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Can gene mutations cause Down's syndrome in humans?
I am working on an A levels questions:
Which of the following statements about gene mutation is incorrect?
A. It can occur in both somatic and sex cells
B. It can cause Down's syndrome in humans
C. ...
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Function of SMAR in plasmids?
A few years ago, the Thought Emporium published a video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aoczYXJeMY4) in which he refers to a study in which they mix plasmid DNA with Chitosan and feed it to mice to ...