Questions tagged [immunoglobin]
Immunoglobulins are also known as antibodies. They are Y-shaped proteins which are build up from four subunits and which bind to an antigen. Upon antigen binding they recruit the immune system for additional help (recognition of an antigen, endocytosis by macrophages etc.).
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Are there autoimmune disorders caused or mediated only by T cells?
I have frequently read that 'most' or 'the vast majority' of autoimmune disorders involving the adaptive immune system are caused by autoantibodies.
These comments imply that there are known disorders ...
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Antibody structural determinants of epitope size
I am curious whether there are structural correlates in antibodies that relate not to epitope sequence but to epitope size. Specifically, I imagine that the antibody-epitope interface size is ...
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Can typed-switched B cells recognize the tertiary structure of antigens?
As T helper cells are responsible for isotype switching but Th cells are MHC class 2 restricted and MHC only presents denatured peptides (up to 30 residues, no folding), does that imply that only IgM ...
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Why do immunoglobulin heavy chain genes sit next to the telomere?
I just noticed that IGH genes are the last group of genes at the end of Chromosome 14.
Is there a reason / selection pressure to explain why that is?
Below is a snapshot of the UCSC genome browser. As ...
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Why is there not an immune response to injected immunoglobulins?
When you inject immunoglobulins as a treatment for certain diseases, the immunoglobulins are a foreign substance.
I can appreciate that maybe the constant region would be similar to the hosts as it is ...
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How do injected purified anti-D antibodies prevent the natural production of antibodies in order to prevent Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn?
Treatments involving Anti-D antibodies are given to pregnant women carrying Rh+ fetuses when the mother has an Rh- blood type in order to prevent Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn during the 2nd ...
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What is the mechanism responsible for long-lasting detectable antibody titers?
As I understand, when naive B cell encounters antigen matching its receptors and is activated by a T helper cell, it can either differentiate into 4 plasma cells, produce a lot of antibodies and ...
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Could there be a pathogen which does not activate an immune response?
In order for the immune system to be stimulated to produce antibodies, there must be a surface protein of the invading pathogen which binds to a receptor on B cell surface somewhat loosely. We need ...
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Can intracellular protein initiate strong immune response?
Some autoantibodies escape immune tolerance and can cause autoimmune disease. In order to cause harm to the tissues by these autoantibodies, do the antigen need to be extracellular or membrane bound, ...
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Why do COVID19 serology tests focus on the nucleocapsid while vaccine efforts focus on the spike?
When I look at the specification sheets for many of today's serology tests like the new Roche test or the Abbott test, they use a nucleocapsid antigen in the test, looking for anti-nucleocapsid ...
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Why don't allergies cause fever?
Allergy
To my understanding, an allergy is a hypersensitivity of the immune system causing a substance in the environment to be identified as pathogenic by the immune system while it is not ...
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Purpose of Fc Region
Could someone explain to me the role played by the Fc region of an antibody as well as the purpose of isotype switching? According to Wikipedia, it's to allow the antibody to be usable by different Fc ...
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B -Cell activation by helper T cell
When Dendritic cell travels to nearby lymph node with antigen presented on MHC II molecule, the helper T-cell residing there gets activated. But what happens to B- cell residing there? Does it get ...
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Is one single antibody binding its antigen enough to elicit an immune response?
IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin) is derived from plasma of more than 1000 donors. I wonder if in this preparation is one antibody present that recognize its antigen after infusion - if this is enough ...
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IgA-s in an immune system vaccined intramuscularly against Hepatisis A
As IgA are immunoglobulins associated with secretion and mucosis membranes, I am interested whether after intramuscular vaccination with Hepatitis A vaccine IgA antibodies will be produced by the ...
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Gel electrophoresis bands
Is there any way to calculate the number of bands formed due to sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for a particular compound of group of proteins? For example, how could I ...
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Will a sandwich assay work with a GST 26 antibody/protein?
I have a GST 26 kda antibody, and want to use it in a sandwich lateral flow assay. Are there enough epitope regions for both antibodies to bind to the protein?
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Will a polyclonal antibody attach to proteins of different kDA?
If I have a GST 26kDa polyclonal antibody, will it bind to the GST 28kDa protein as well?
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Where do the antibodies that trigger the specific immune response come from?
In A level Biology, we are taught that in order to trigger the specific immune response of the body, antibodies must first attach to the pathogen. The macrophages contain antibody receptors, and this ...
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Does class switching occur both in B cells and Plasma cells?
I understand that the cell class switches to change the type of immunoglobulin it is producing. The B-cell produces the membrane bound B-cell receptor (BCR) while the plasma cell produces the the ...
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What is the rationale behind IgM being the default antibody?
I know that the$\ C _\mu $ gene appears first in line for class switching and hence the IgM is the default antibody. But what is the rationale for it being so? There must be some advantage (...
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Why do we take antibiotics if our immune system already produces them? [closed]
Why do we take antibiotics if our immune system already produces them? Is it because our body doesnt make enough or the specific complementary antibody to fit with the antigen?
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Is a variable domain in immunoglobulin's heavy chain different from the one in light chain?
I guess yes, there is difference in amino acid sequences of $V_L$ and $V_H$. And so we have 6 different complementarity determining regions (CDRs) per monomeric immunoglobulin as two heavy chains are ...
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What was Protein G named after?
Protein G (the bacterial antibody binding protein) is often used to pulldown antibodies, for example in chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments.
However, I was unable to find a site ...
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Which process is right to describe V(D)J recombination? RAG-1 and RSS recurring process
I'm studying V(D)J recombination. I think I have two incompatible books about explantaion of the process. Which is right?
In Molecular Biology of the Cell 5th Ed., firstly RAG (-1?) combines to RSSs ...
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IgA complement activation
Recently, I have been reading Janeway's immunobiology and had a question on immunoglobin A. I read that IgA activates the complement pathway using the Fab fragment of the IgA. How does IgA do that? I ...
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Is cancer a defect of the immune system? [closed]
Is cancer due to a defect in the immune system?
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What cell types produce immunoglobins and where are those cells found?
I know B cells found in bone marrow produce immunoglobin G. But IgM is produced in mucosal cells at least in the gut. Can you find immunoglobin expressing cells in other tissues in the human body? ...
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