Questions tagged [medicinal-chemistry]
The medicinal-chemistry tag has no usage guidance.
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Xenobiotic metabolism: phase 1 reduction enzyme
Phase biotransformation reactions can be oxidations, reductions or hydrolysis of the xenobiota molecule.
Phase 1 oxidations are catalyzed by the cytocrome P450 enzyme, abbreviated with the CYP acronym:...
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In drug discovery, what is an undruggable target? [closed]
The term "undruggable" is often use in drug discovery. As far as I understand it, it means "for which no inhibitor has been found so far".
It's a fuzzy, non-satisfying, definition.
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PEGylation safety and hybridomas
PEGylation is the covalent attachment of PEG (PolyEthylene Glycol) to molecules (e.g. proteins). It states in wikipedia ("PEGylation"):
The covalent attachment of PEG to a drug or ...
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How to reduce PPi concentration in blood samples by PPase
I have some samples of whole blood that are a little bit expensive and I want to significantly reduce the concentration of PPi in the samples by causing a reaction. I don't have any experience in ...
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Is it advised to calculate QED parameters for salts?
QED (quantitative estimation of drug-likeness) is a score which helps you to predict if a small molecule is desirable as an orally absorbed drug, described in the Quantifying the chemical beauty of ...
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Identifying substance in body fluid (serum, urine)
I have a large number of serum and 24 hour urine samples from a collection of individuals on many consecutive days. Some of the samples contain a 'large' amount of a substance that has a brown color. ...
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Are drugs made bitter artificially to prevent being mistaken for candy?
All drugs I remember tasting (with the notable exception of Aspirin) have bitter taste. Is the taste due to the active substance, or is a bittering agent added to them, perhaps to prevent overdose?
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Why is half dose of Oxford's vaccine of covid more effective than full dose?
I recently read in a newspaper that the half dose of the Oxford's vaccine is 90% effective while the full dose is only 62% effective.
Why is this the case ?
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Inability of vultures to digest diclofenac
The population of Indian vultures has been rapidly declining since 2003. This is attributed to the diclofenac present in the carcasses which the vultures eat. Vultures seem to digest all sorts of food ...
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Are omeprazole and other members estrogenic and/or antiandrenergic?
As of 2020, omeprazole is a widely used OTC medicine for various types of acute heartburn and some other gastrointestinal disorders.
Almost every time I read about it I read that one of the possible ...
user22497
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Does Cholestyramine (CSM) raise Tyramine levels?
This is a layman's question.
Will ingesting Cholestyramine (CSM, the resin, in powdered form to be specific) raise tyramine levels?
I am asking because Cholestyramine clearly has "tyramine" in its ...
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Sulforaphane vs. Hyperthermic conditioning (sauna use) which would induce a greater heat shock response in the human body?
I’m curious to know which would induce a greater upregulation of heat shock proteins, consuming sulforaphane or putting the body through heat stress such as using the sauna.
Sulforaphane reference- ...
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How does cancerous tissue break down radioisotopes faster than normal tissues?
Apparently, many medical practitioners use radioisotopes to detect cancer in patients. From my textbook (McGraw Bio 12, pg. 10);
Using a method called radioisotope tracing doctors can inject
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Which kind of drugs get absorbed through epidermis?
Some drugs such as nicotine can be administered through skin. I thought the layers of skin are designed to prevent in-flow of any chemical/germs. Not all drugs get absorbed in this fashion. So do ...
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How would a medication cause a one to maintain a different weight?
This isn’t really a medical question, I’m just really curious about this.
I was maintaining weight A and then started taking a medication that brought me to weight B. While on the medication, I ...
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Why is plasma glucose concentration not double that of whole blood?
It is known that the concentration of plasma glucose is 12% higher than that of whole blood. But since 45-50% of whole blood is red blood cells, shouldn't the plasma glucose be almost double — since ...
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What exactly causes SSRIs, SNRIs, and tricyclics to induce akathisia?
Such as too high neurotransmitter levels (serotonin/dopamine/other) or the method of drug delivery or some other reason?
Please keep in mind I know very little about this subject, I apologize for the ...
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How does BH2 reduction to BH4 need only one NADPH molecule?
Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) reduces dihydrobiopterin (BH2) to tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Someone told me that this reaction needs only one NADPH molecule (I am not sure if this is correct), namely, ...
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How did Shulgin take cognizance of the dosage of a new substance?
We know that Alexander Shulgin synthesized MDMA, 2C compounds and several other tryptamine derivatives and phenethylamines. But how did he find out that the average dosage of an unknown compound is X ...
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Why is methanol poisonous?
What should we do when someone is diagnosed with the methanol poisoning What harm does methanol cause on our body, such as the harm to some proteins? What first-aid measures should we take?
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What chemicals/substances exist in green capsicum (peppers) that do not exist in red capsicum?
I have known 3 people in my life that have incredibly adverse reactions (one called it an "allergy" and his symptoms did resemble such) to consuming any form of green pepper (capsicum) but have no ...
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What is the P in LogP? [closed]
How does this value actually get calculated?
Logarithms are usually written as
log(base 10) of x
So what is the 'P' equivalent of 'base 10'? I know it stands for octanol/water, but what does that ...
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Does medication make the body dependent? [closed]
First of, I know of course that certain medication can cause an addiction if incorrectly used. But as far as I understand it, drugs prone to cause addiction have some agent in it, that makes them ...
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What is the proper way to dispose of a medicinal substance?
Is there a protocol or a set of guidelines to safely dispose off a batch of expired drugs (as a manufacturer)? I guess the process may vary for different drugs. My specific question regarding the safe ...
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Do drugs' levo isomers have a better interaction with the receptors in our body than dextro isomers?
Examples of levo drugs include levothyroxine, levocitrizine, and levodopa. Is there any specific reason why the receptors in our body exhibit this stereoisomerism and hold a high preference for the ...
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Is there a short-term, very strong anesthetic, which can be blocked/delayed by other substances?
Question migrated from World Building SE.
(For fictional use only, of course :) )
I am looking for an anasthetic which fulfills the following criteria:
very strong effect, induces a comatose state ...
user16628
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What is effectiveness of methyl-alcohol as sporicide?
Methyl-alcohol is the weakest alcohol in terms of bactericidal properties. However, I have read that it also works as sporicide.
What is the effectiveness of methyl-alcohol in killing the spores of ...
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Why does ice reduce swelling?
It is common practice to use ice packs on injuries that cause bruising and swelling. It seems to be an effective method to assist in reducing swelling.
Why does ice reduce welling?
user22339
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Does DHA increase the effects of clarithromycin?
I've read on this publication that every drug that induces CYP3A can reduce the effectiveness of clarithromycin. Clarithromycin inhibits CYP3A.
But it does not say anything about the opposite ...
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What makes a metal safe to use for an artificial joint?
What determines if a metal is suitable for transplantation such as in the hip? What I am most interested in however is why might some metals be toxic to animals once in the body?
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What tests can be performed to test the purity and quality of the raw peptide HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
What tests could be run to test the purity and type of HCG?
We are looking to purchase HCG from China but the purity and quality varies between labs, we are able to receive samples of the raw peptide ...
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Why doesn't human consumption of plants cause infectious diseases the way consumption of animals can?
At first I want to clarify that I do know that there are naturally poisonous plants and plants that can hold radioactive stuff or toxic material from the environment.
What I mean by "diseases" (I ...
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How does paracetamol interfere with immune system?
Paracetamol is used to reduce body temperature when it is to high. The high body temperature (fever) is known to be an indication that immune system fights against an infection.
In this context I ...
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Chemical structure prediction
I'd like to do chemical structure prediction using a known molecule formulas. I'm familiar with de novo protein structure prediction, but are there any programs which will go from formula to structure ...
user1357
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What software is there available for quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) pharmacological studies?
QSAR modelling in pharmacology basically hangs on using mathematical modelling to approximate the effects different molecules will have on various pharmacological targets. I would like to know what ...
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