Questions tagged [medicine]
Medicine is the doctrine of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases and injuries in humans and animals. Health and medicine questions are off-topic unless dealing with the biology underlying health and medicine. Please carefully explore the tour, help centre, and meta before posting health and medicine questions.
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Why are nausea and dizziness such common side effects from medication?
Why are nausea and dizziness such common side effects from medication? If you go through your medicine cabinet and look at side effects, those might just be on every single bottle. Is there some ...
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Gene Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis
I have another question regarding cystic fibrosis.
I understand that gene therapy is currently being talked about in the cure for cystic fibrosis. I know that Eric Alton at imperial college London is ...
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Safety in Liposomal Amphotericin B
From reading about Amphotericin B antifungal, I understand it is quite a toxic medicine for kidney, but I am not able to find any details as to how Liposomal version of same medication is so safe, in ...
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Why exactly does UMN lesion cause hypertonia?
The corticospinal tracts are excitatory in nature (Glutaminergic). So damage of the CST would mean less excitatory input to the LMN. By this logic, there should not be hypertonia. What is the ...
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About how many covid-19 virus particles is required in the human body before infection and sickness follows?
Our immune systems are often able to destroy germs and virus particles.
About how many of them does it take to make a 70 year old healthy male sick ? Any ideas ?
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How does the age of a parent affect the chances of occurrence of certain genetically transmitted diseases?
Do genetically transmitted age-related diseases (like hypertension, arthritis etc.)have the probability of occurring at an earlier(younger) age in the offspring if they are born at a later age to ...
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What is a Archival Tumor Tissue ? For What Purpose is it collected?
Over the course of Conducting trials various tissue and tumor samples are collected from the patients.
One such sample is the Archival Tumor Tissue.
Could someone kindly clarify what is the meaning ...
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Could a human become infected with rabies in such a way that even prior vaccination wouldn't stop the infection?
Given the highly persistent nature of rabies after entering the brain, I was wondering whether certain ways of exposure to this virus could be risky even for a previously vaccinated individual. I ...
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Why is chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) most common leukemia in the West but so rare in Asia?
In "Advances in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia" (2013, Edited by Sami Malek), several times it is stated that CLL is very common in Western countries.
However, it is quite rare in Asia. (I do not have ...
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How does the body respond to blood donation; are there any possible risks?
Can blood donation cause any harm to the donor? I have been told so, but cannot find any references supporting this claim. I have also learned that our body will replace the lost fluids within 24 ...
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Is it possible for a human to get rabies from a rabies vaccine meant for dogs?
What would happen if a human was injected with a rabies vaccine meant for dogs? I know vaccines can contain weak or dead strains of the virus, but is it possible that the human could become infected ...
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Is there a possibility that medicine will affect the efficiency of natural selection?
I mean, saving sick people means that they possibly can propagate something that nature does not allow. I know that there is already something that operate at genetical level producing alteration, i.e....
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How can Clostridium tetani proliferate in relatively minor wounds?
It is often reported (NIH) that some of the most common infections by Clostridium tetani are in minor wounds where, in theory, blood (hence oxygen) supply should not be completely disrupted.
How can ...
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Can erythrocytes Function without plasma?
my title is not very specific. So i will proceed to clarify it.
I am trying to make sure that the only blood cells in a sample are Erytocytes, since i want to evaluate their metabolism, I am aware ...
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Does Cholestyramine (CSM) raise Tyramine levels?
This is a layman's question.
Will ingesting Cholestyramine (CSM, the resin, in powdered form to be specific) raise tyramine levels?
I am asking because Cholestyramine clearly has "tyramine" in its ...
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Difference between "controlled release" vs "prolonged release"
My sister is using the epilepsy drug Tegretol which has both CR and retard (previous naming for prolonged release according to https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/5932/smpc) versions in different ...
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How is Pseudomonas aeruginosa diagnosed?
I know that P. aeruginosa is cultured on an agar plate, but which media or assays make it distinct from other Gram-negative bacteria?
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Is hydroxyproline an amino acid? (Classification question)
So I know that hydroxyproline is created from proline via hydroxylation as a post-translational modification. I also know that proline is considered an amino acid. However, once you hydroxylize it, ...
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Rabies virus mortality [duplicate]
Why rabies virus has nearly 100% fatality rate in human (see this virology blog; thanks to @iayork for the link) if not vaccinated early, even some people have survived Ebola, then why does rabies doe ...
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Accommodation mechanism. [closed]
Can anyone explain how contraction of the ciliary muscles causes relaxation of the zonules? Please explain it anatomically i.e. the attachments of ciliary muscles and its relation with the ...
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Are there known functions of AST, ALT, and amylase in the blood?
A number of enzymes can be measured in the blood or plasma that aid in the diagnosis of certain diseases. For example, patients with particular liver diseases may have elevated aspartate ...
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Why is an excess number of eosinophils consistent with a violent allergic reaction? [closed]
What roles do eosinophils play in allergic reaction?
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A question about gag reflex
If left glossopharyngeal nerve and right vagus nerve are intact, but there is a lesion at left vagus nerve, would stimulating the left side of pharynx elicit a gag reflex?
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Reverse tomography to create 3D scalpel
Isn't it possible to reverse tomography methods to create means to deliver heat or radiation precisely in 3D? This would be "3D scalpel" i.e. device which would be able to eradicate tumor cells ...
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Why does warfarin decrease biological activity of protein C?
Warfarin inhibits VKOR. Hence it disrupts vitamin K dependent $\gamma$-carboxylation of Fc- II, VII, IX, X.
But what exactly it does to Protein C and Protein S? How does it also affect anticoagulant ...
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Does Topiramate work by supplanting Pyridoxal phosphate in enzymes?
I have seen it said that the precise mechanism of action of migraine medicine Topiramate is not known. But I certainly see a resemblance between that molecule and PLP (Pyridoxal phosphate, the ...
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Edema and hydrostatic pressure
I'm currently studying Robbins basic pathology, and I'm confused about a specific statement:
It states in the book that when hydrostatic pressure is low due to a lack of albumin synthesis, it leads ...
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Why do vaccines sometimes induce a fever? [closed]
How does a vaccine cause an immune response such as fever? Why do only some people experience these reactions? Why might those reactions change upon subsequent doses of the same or similar vaccines?
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What are the methods of prophylaxis against exposure to radioactive isotopes?
Potassium iodide is used as prophylaxis to prevent illness when one is likely to be exposed to Iodine-131 and other radioactive isotopes of iodine. Are there any other prophylactic treatments for ...
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Janina kolkiewicz who faced Lazarus phenomenon
I've just read about Janina kolkiewicz case who faced Lazarus phenomenon and I was wondering how could her brain and organs survive these long hours without oxygen?
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How does drinking 25 mg-50mg Viagra every night cure Erectile Disfunction permanently? [closed]
https://www.webmd.com/erectile-dysfunction/news/20040513/nightly-viagra-may-restore-normal-erections#2
This article says that people taking viagra once daily can have erection restored permanently ...
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Techniques of molecular medicine/biology for aesthetic medicine?
Are there scientifically valid methods (possibly in the developmental stage) that can be used for aesthetic medicine. Usually surgical of physical therapies are used for aesthetic medicine, but ...
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Do antimuscarinic drugs increase cAMP or cGMP
Activation of muscarinic receptors M2 and M4 inhibits adenylate cyclase which reduces cAMP levels. It would be expected that antimuscarinics such as ipratropium would increase cAMP levels. However, ...
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Which aspects of evolutionary biology are most relevant to medical practice? [closed]
I'm not pretty much sure if this question suites this forum. But I think its important.
In what aspects evolutionary biology can be seen to be very helpful in medical curricula?
Clearly infection ...
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Does adenylate cyclase stimulate or inhibit acid secretion in the stomach?
I am confused about my teacher's notes.
"Acid secretion is stimulated by ACh, gastrin and histamine.
Histamine stimulates adenylate cyclase which increases cAMP production."
When I looked this up ...
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Is the glomerular filtration rate, per kidney or for both?
We say in a healthy human being the average glomerular filtration rate is about 120 mL/min. Is that for both kidneys together (60+60), or just one kidney?
Pardon me if this makes me sound like an ...
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What exactly causes SSRIs, SNRIs, and tricyclics to induce akathisia?
Such as too high neurotransmitter levels (serotonin/dopamine/other) or the method of drug delivery or some other reason?
Please keep in mind I know very little about this subject, I apologize for the ...
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What are some good examples of open-source articles in which the synergy of two medicines is demonstrated?
I am doing research on Stochastic Cooperative Game Theory (a subfield in mathematics), which I will henceforth call SCGT for convenience. In this theory, entities can work together to receive a bigger ...
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Embolism risk in cancer [closed]
Why is there an increased risk of embolism in any malignancy? I studied that malignancy is a risk factor for pulmonary embolism. Can someone explain me the exact mechanism under which malignancy ...
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Placebo effect and why they work [closed]
I'm just wondering how the placebo effect works on people. If a patient is given fake drugs , how does that make him better? So what if they feel more "assured", how would that help the body immunity (...
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Trying to make a homogeneous phantom
I am making a T1 weighted phantom for an MRI project. It consists of distilled boiling water, 7g/L agar, 10g/L NaCl and 1g/L CuS04. As the phantom cools it will get a jelly like texture. What I would ...
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Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Why does Familial Hypercholesterolemia shows autosomal dominant pattern?
Let us take that there is mutation in LDL receptor gene, it is said that:
The LDL receptor gene is located on the short arm ...
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Can improper/inadequate exhalation in humans trigger migraines? [closed]
Is there any relation between one's breathing pattern and occurrence of headaches? How does inadequate exhalation affect humans?
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What risk does the insulin pump hack carry?
Recently, a OneTouch system was hacked, potentially allowing any malicious attacks, draining the pump into someone's bloodstream:
Jay Radcliffe, a diabetic and researcher with cyber security firm ...
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How does having an empty stomach affect absorption of compounds?
From personal experience, compounds such as nicotine, caffeine and alchohol appear to absorb much quicker into the blood on an 'empty' stomach', or after extended periods of fasting. If this is the ...
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Are there available fluids that can be used in place of blood to facilitate oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange during major surgery/trauma?
Are there any available fluid alternatives that can be used instead of blood replacement that adequately exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide?
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Why alcohol can't help with OCD?
I was thinking about influence of ethanol on our brain.
We know, that ethanol can affect GABA receptors and increase flow of chlorine in our brain cells. So it makes signal weaker and slow our CNS ...
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What can cause a lump in the middle of the neck? (homework case study) [closed]
What can cause an erythematous, fluctuant, nontender mass in the middle of the neck?
Full Case Study: (Its the last of 6 cases and I just can't figure this one out, because of all the possibilities, ...
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Physiological function of CFTR gene product? [duplicate]
I just need a clarification.
If I am to talk about the physiological function of the CFTR gene product? Then what should I do research and talk about?
The only physiological function that I can ...
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Is a neurostimulation implant for the soft-palate component of obstructive sleep apnea plausible?
There are currently ongoing clinical trials for neurostimulation implants designed to keep the tongue from blocking the airway in obstructive sleep apnea. The nerves for this are in the neck and ...