Questions tagged [molecular-biology]
The study of the molecular processes underlying life.
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Why do doctors reccommend vegetable oils in high cholesterol and cardiovascular disease?
As there is high cholesterol in body why the patient need more fats and why the doctors are recommending it
Transcribed:
Vegetable oils are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The fatty acids ...
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1answer
25 views
What is the role of pyrophosphatase in RNA polymerization?
In Molecular Cell Biology (8th edition) there's a fragment in chapter 5.2 that says:
The energetics of the polymerization reaction strongly favor the addition of ribonucleotides to the growing RNA ...
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2answers
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Meaning of “standard reactions” in a DNA extraction procedure description
From a DNA extraction procedure description (an in-house pharma document I'm translating into Russian):
Preparation of Standards
All the standard reactions should be prepared at least in duplicates. ...
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0answers
6 views
Are there any companies that sell Totalseq antibodies that can bind fluorophores conjugated on another antibody?
Are does anyone know of any company which sells Totalseq antibodies that are capable of binding to fluorophores conjugated to another antibody? In this context, I plan to use the Totalseq antibody as ...
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12 views
How do the CFTR alleles interact within an individual with Cystic Fibrosis when mutations of different classes are present?
So mutations in CF are classified by the severity of the impact on the production of the CFTR.
But an individual may have two different CFTR mutations.
I assume that the least severe mutation of the ...
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Is water with 99% total dissolved solids removed conducive to bacteria? [migrated]
Stumbled across Zero Water (https://www.zerowater.com) which claims to remove 99% of total dissolved solids from water. Having read this review (https://wateristhenewgold.com/zero-water-filters-danger-...
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Why Eukaryotes doesn`t have CRISPR Cas?
Why Eukaryotes doesn`t have CRISPR Cas?
Even Asgard archaea quite near to eukaryotes and they have CRISPR Cas systems.
Modern eukaryotes have a lot of mobile genetic elements in their genomes.
About ...
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1answer
26 views
Help Finding Specific BlaZ Gene Type Sequences on Genbank
I am doing an undergraduate research project that involves blaZ gene typing for different strain types of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria; for reference, here are some of papers on this topic that ...
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Delta G and Temperature
I'm now designing primers for PCR. I use Oligo analyzer to check the primer secondary structures.
Ex: Delta G: -4.16 kcal/mole Base Pairs: 4
...
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19 views
Examining antibody - target interactions in PyMOL
I'm a student currently looking at antibody responses against a viral target protein of interest.
I have my own, annotated PyMOL session of my protein and I also have .pdbs of crystallised antibody ...
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30 views
Are meiotic recombinases originated from transposons, like the VDJ recombination genes?
VDJ recombination RAG1 and RAG2 recombinases and recombination sites, evolved from transposons.
So, is there any researchs that tells, that the meiotic recombinases RAD51 and DMC1 have evolved from ...
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1answer
23 views
Cellulose structure
In cellulose structure, some beta glucose are inverted. I’ve read that therefore the hydroxyl groups stick on both sides, but aren’t there hydroxyl groups on both sides anyways whether it was inverted ...
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37 views
Reverse oxidative phosphorylation?
I noticed that all of the cellular energy production methods that I covered have a fixed ratio of ATP to NAD(P)H out. For example, in the combined process of glycolysis, pyruvate oxidization, and the ...
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7 views
Can Stem-loop RT primer bind to the position inside mRNA?
I knew that Stem-loop RT primers bind to the 3' portion of miRNA molecules and then reverse transcriptase to cDNA. But what about mRNA, can it:
bind to the 3' portion of mRNA and then reverse?
bind ...
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12 views
Why does the high consumption of saturated fats lead to more risk of cardiovascular diseases and increased cholestrol levels? [duplicate]
People with higher consumption of saturated fats are more at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases as compared to people who mostly consume unsaturated fat. The only structural difference is a ...
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What is the meaning of the word “Ligandable” in “ligandable proteome”?
I see "ligandable proteome", "ligandable proteins" and "ligandable targets" an awful lot.
But really I don't know what exactly the word "ligandable" means?
Is that it means, for example, "ligandable ...
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2answers
59 views
What exactly happens to hydrogen atoms in step 4 of citric acid cycle?
It seems that there are four hydrogen atoms in alpha-ketoglutarate and one in HS-CoA (not counting the ones in CoA), five in total. Two of them go to NADH and H+, so there should be three atoms in ...
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2answers
32 views
Histone Deacetylase Inhibition
So I am trying to brush up on my knowledge of HATs and HDACs.
I am reading the just the 1st paragraph of the background of this study
I remember learning that HATs turn things on on, and HDACs turn ...
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Doubt related to nerve impulse transmission
Naturally, the extracellular fluid has more sodium ions and the axoplasm has more potassium ions. Since there are more potassium leakage channels than sodium leakage channels on axoplasm, it is more ...
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35 views
Why does insertion of transmembrane domains occur in the rough ER?
To elaborate on that question, why in the secretory pathway does the insertion of transmembrane domains into the membrane occur in the rough ER as the protein is translated and threaded across the ER ...
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17 views
How is energy stored in the cotransport of molecules down to its electrochemical gradient?
I am talking about symporters and antiporters, that transport usually an amino acid against its concentration gradient while at the same time transport another molecule down its electrochemical or ...
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1answer
21 views
If a cell has two different GPCRs, how does the cell differentiate between the phosphorylation cascade caused by each?
In my biochem course, we learned that GPCR receptors trigger a phosphorylation cascade, with the end result being a large amplification of the signal in the form of cAMP. We never studied any ...
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14 views
When purifying plasmid DNA after cloning, do you get endogenous plasmid in addition to your vector of interest?
Since bacteria naturally contain plasmids, when you do a cloning experiment and purify the plasmids at the end, do you get plasmid naturally present in that bacteria in addition to your vector? The ...
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Can DNA rings, i.e. plasmids, form as Möbius strips?
I know that plasmids can be present in a coiled form, which keeps the DNA strands together when they degenerate, by forming catenases.
I was wondering, however, whether it has been documented to ...
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22 views
Cloning using pET28a and Protein Expression in DH5alpha and BL21
Can someone please direct me to an e-resource or a book that will help a newbie like me learn in depth about Cloning using pET28a and Protein Expression in DH5alpha and BL21. Though I have done ...
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1answer
35 views
Humic Acid and PCR
Quite a few papers claim humic acid is an inhibitor of PCR reactions. I understand this is true when working with soil microbes, but how does it qualify to be a PCR inhibitor in general (i.e when not ...
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4answers
61 views
Can the activity of a specific gene in a cell artficially be increased?
While there are many gene regulation mechanisms from the cell itself, I was wondering whether it is possible to increase the gene activity in a living cell permanently (so that the protein that it ...
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9 views
Does the brain absorb heme and non-heme iron differently?
I know that for the brain to absorb iron, the iron must first pass through the blood brain barrier. Is this absorption different for heme and nonheme iron?
2
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0answers
26 views
Protein half-life regulating gene expression
Are there any instances in real life of protein half-life regulating gene expression? For example, in a cell, Gene A produces a starting population of protein P, after which the expression of the gene ...
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1answer
87 views
Are there any known consequences of the right-handedness of the DNA double helix?
In this article it is suggested (without evidence) that the right-handedness of DNA may be the cause that "kick[s] off asymmetry in the early embryo [of snails]".
On the one hand we know that ...
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1answer
77 views
Testing the viscosity of honey?
I am carrying an experiment where I will be measuring the viscosity of honey using Zahn cup but I don't know what is the optimal and efficient size and the size of the opening to purchase if you can ...
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Eukaryotic DNA polymerase in Leading and Lagging Strand
Different books say a different specifications on which eukaryotic DNA polymerase work in leading strand and which DNA polymerase work in lagging strand.
TL,DR: Which one is reality? and if there ...
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Markers of lung microvascular endothelial sub-populations and lung smooth muscles?
Can someone please help me with information where I can find a publication on the distribution of various markers on lung endothelial cell sub-populations and lung smooth muscle cells? Particularly ...
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Is there any other sources of hydrogen carriers for the Electron Transport Chain other than the 3 main metabolic pathways?
I am learning about the 4 main metabolic pathways for cellular respiration. I learned that NADH and FADH2 hydrogen carriers are essential in the Electron Transport Chain, because they deposit their ...
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1answer
111 views
What causes the localization of myoglobin in turkey to regions of muscle tissue?
I've read that myoglobin localization is responsible for the darker colour of leg muscles in turkeys. Why does this localization occur in terms of any of cell biology, molecular biology, or ...
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2answers
70 views
Do plants take in the same amount of CO2 as they release?
There are many claims in the media that trees remove more carbon dioxide form the atmosphere than they release back into the atmosphere. By what chemical pathway can this occur?
The law that matter is ...
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Are there any organisms that do not perform glycolysis (or anything similar)?
To clarify I know that there are alternative pathways similar to glycolysis, what I mean is are there any organisms that perform a different pathway that is radically different from glycolysis, but ...
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1answer
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How much of the genotype-phenotype map do we understand in HIV?
From what I understand, viruses have very small genomes relative to those of standard model organisms used in biological research. For example, according to Wikipedia, "the HIV genome contains nine ...
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What is the typical choice of the RAPD primer set?
Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is a widespread method to identify species or strains that are otherwise difficult to tell apart (microorganisms, tiny insects and the like). It includes ...
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Why there is no ELISA for SARS-CoV-2?
As far as I know, SARS-CoV-2 tests currently used worldwide are real-time RT-PCR. Why there is no ELISA for SARS-CoV-2?
Compared to PCRs, ELISA is:
Way cheaper;
Way faster;
Does not require trained ...
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3answers
86 views
Do proteins contain phosphorous? If its true then how alfred hershey and martha chase used the statement that proteins do not contain phosphorous?
I hv heard about phosphorus that it is a constituent of certain protein, although we know that no amino acids have phosphorus... and if its true then how Alfred hershey and Martha chase experiment got ...
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36 views
Why are proteins considered Informational macromolecules?
I can understand somewhat why DNA and RNA are considered Informational macromolecules, because they contain genetic information. But why are proteins considered Informational macromolecules?
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What causes the overactivity of keratin production and expression in the cells of the nail bed/ nail matrix after some traumata?
What is the cellular mechanism of traumatic(sterile) onychodystrophy(hypertrophy)? I.e one hits his toenail and has it removed twice( once after the first trauma and then again 3 years after the first ...
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1answer
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Relationship of RNA-binding proteins to peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase [closed]
I am studying a Plasmodium gene, known to encode an RNA-binding protein. However a BLAST search brings up mainly peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases from other species. Why would this be so?
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packaging of influenza RNA segments
How can the influenza A virus package its 8 different RNA segments? Is there is a special mechanism to ensure each virus particle gets the eight different segments?
I doubt it is done at random ...
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How to recalibrate qpCR reading when incorrect qty of solution is added during DNA elution step?
I have 20 viral DNA samples collected for 6 time points. The DNA content varies over time My DNA extraction protocol step suggests that in the last step of the protocol during elution I had 100uL of ...
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Can virus and bacteria move on the surface? [duplicate]
Do viruses/bacteria have some motive mechanism? I mean if the virus/bacteria reach some surface by touching, can it move on that surface?
Life example: suppose the cooler is not so clean and has ...
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Absent gene expression from one of two vectors co-transformed into the BL21(DE3) strain of E. coli
I've been trying to express two proteins in the BL21(DE3) strain of E. coli.
One gene is in a pCR2.1 vector and the other in a pET-expression vector. When I induce with IPTG and run on an acrylamide ...
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What are some good books on basics of Cell signaling?
I think the title says it all.
(self answered, although others' answers requested)
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How can I get started in molecular biology? [closed]
I have a background in computer science and math and am interested in learning molecular / synthetic biology - what resources do people recommend?
