Questions tagged [neuroscience]
The study of the structure and function of the nervous system and its components.
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Contextual Fear Conditioning
I've been studying memory and I've come along an interesting experiment, where a rat is placed in an environment (context) and shocked, leading to fear conditioning with the conditioned stimulus being ...
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Why doesn't the Goldman Equation take into account ions that have no permeability?
While I was studying the Hodgkin-Huxley model, I encountered an a phenomena that confused me a lot.
I couldn't find the answer myself, so I wanted to ask here.
While calculating the equilibrium ...
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Neuroimaging-Genetic studies: is postmortem gene expression equal to invivo gene expression?
I am going to study methods to combine genetic data with neuroimaging data. I have a big perplexity in the methodology. Let us take this research article: Unveiling the Neuroimaging-Genetic ...
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What is the historical justification for the 'per 100 gram of tissue' term in the units of cerebral blood volume?
The title of this post pretty much says it all. I've looked around quite a bit for the original paper that invoked the decision to normalize a fluid volume to $\frac{1}{100 \text{ gram}}$. I thought ...
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What makes dopaminergic neurons fire when maintaining base dopamine levels?
Are they signaled by other action potentials? Other neurotransmitters? Do they just fire on their own? If not triggered by an external stimulus, why does depolarization make them fire more frequently?
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A question on the spike-train autocorrelation function: Do we ignore the integration where the integrand is not defined?
In Dayan and Abbott's Theoretical Neuroscience book, they defined the spike-train autocorrelation function
in section 1.4 as
$$ Q_{\rho\rho}(\tau)=\frac 1T \int_{0}^{T} \langle(\rho(t)-\langle r\...
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Why is a Na-K pump necessary if the neural membrane is impermeable to Na+ ions during the resting phase? [duplicate]
If the neural membrane is impermeable to Na+ ions during the resting phase, why does it require a Na-K pump to expel sodium ions? What causes the accumulation of Na+ ions inside the membrane if it is ...
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Confusion on the definition of time-dependent firing rate and one related formula
(Originally I posted the question on Psychology & Neuroscience SE. But it did not attract much attention. I thought such computational question may fit this site better. Hence I deleted the ...
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How could memory work without long-term potentiation?
At the end of his review on the cell biology of synapse formation (2021), Südhoff claims that
there is scant evidence that long-term plasticity per se is
physiologically important for a behaviour.
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how can a ganglion be defined as cluster of neuron bodies when it has interneurons?
Let alone the presynaptic button existing there as well, how is a whole interneuron existing there not contradict the definition ?
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Does lack of mental activities reduce "function" of human brain?
On internet there is lots of text how the brain "reduces its function" if you dont use it.
Quote from link:
"In order to build connections between brain cells, and increase the ...
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Can we say that the better memory relation with pupil dilation is connected to sympathetic nervous system?
A research at Arlington University, United states says that students with high performance and better memory are observed with their pupil dilated
https://www.uta.edu/news/news-releases/2024/04/...
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Opening probability of a voltage-dependent ion channel
Does the opening probability of a voltage-dependent ion channel depend on the unitary conductance?
I think so because of the equation:
but I am not sure.
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Central diabetes insipidus and antidiuretic hormone
Are the levels of antidiuretic hormone in the plasma somehow hard to measure or are the results unreliable, and if so why?
Some countries have moved away from testing for ADH (the national health care ...
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Neuronal reflex circuit
I am having trouble understanding an exam question.
I am given a diagram which looks like this:
I am having a lot of trouble understanding this diagram since it looks unlike the diagrams usually ...
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How does defining cell assembly by giving weightage to impact caused as opposed to strength of connections change our current paradigm?
Buzsaki, in his paper Neural Syntax: Cell Assemblies, Synapsembles, and Readers, seems to suggest that instead of using synaptic strength and connectivity as a defining feature, a (dynamically ...
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Is APOE present in Lipid Rafts?
What evidence is there that APOE is present in lipid rafts (neurons or glial cells)?
I would be interested in any comparison between the APOE gene variants as well, but that is not required. I've ...
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If stomatopod crustaceans do not have myelination, why is their reaction so fast?
As far as I understand, there are only two known ways of achieving fast nerve signal transmittance (and hence fast reaction time) in animals larger than ~10 cm: either myelination (as in vertebrates) ...
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Is Regenerative Brain Tissue Technology In The Near Future?
I got 99% of my information from articles I found in NIH's library; I can't cite anything now because I am on a timed session in a public library.
I've been reading material from research papers in ...
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Will diffusible protein aggregates coated in cell-free nucleic acids near a depolarizing neuron's soma diffuse along the axon to synapsing neurons?
Edit in response to feedback in comments requesting specific details, etc.: Will aqueously diffusible protein oligomers and protofibrils coated in cell-free nucleic acids in the aqueous interstitial ...
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How do you re-adjust gaze coordinates after bad eye tracking calibration using Matlab? [closed]
As a beginner with oculometric data pre-processing (in children from 2 to 12 years old), I would want some advice from the community! :)
Using a Tobii Pro Fusion Eye tracker (250Hz), children are ...
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Why electrical synapses are more common in invertebrates?
I suppose it's because they live in an environment where there's a constant vulnerability to predators and they need to respond quickly. But it's not really the case for many invertebrates and besides ...
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What is meant by the stabilization of a receptor?
I am reading a journal paper, and have a question about the below statement:
PSD-95 is involved in the recruitment, trafficking and stabilization
of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors (NMDARs) and
α-...
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What is a polar plot of relative neural firing
I am taking my PhD qualifying exams on monday, and there is a seemingly simple practice problem that I can't seem to figure out, and I was hoping someone here would have some knowledge, or at least be ...
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Could a geomagnetic storm disrupt the functioning of nerves?
It is known that geomagnetic storms can cause power grid outages. Can they also disrupt the functioning of nerves/the nervous system?
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Why doesn't treating neurons with a high sodium solution depolarize their membranes?
I am reading a journal paper, and in one of their experiments they treated organotypic hippocampal slice cultures with a high potassium solution to depolarize the neuronal membranes:
We found that ...
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Does communication with new parts of body requires internal changes in brain?
I am not a biological scientist and have low biology knowledges in general, but I want to know some thing.
Most of us probably can't even imagine what it feels the sixth finger to be touched. Because ...
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Caffeine tolerance
I researched about caffeine tolerance and found out that regular consumption of coffe can build caffeine tolerance even if it's 1 cup per day, within few days or a week at most. Supposedly the body ...
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Can a neuron produce electric or magnetic effect?
According to my view,As a neuron is an electrical impulse generating cell and through this impulse it carries information from brain to whole body or vice-versa, As here a very small electricity is ...
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Can Neurons be connected in Series and will that pattern create huge voltage in human body?
We have learned in Physics that when multiple voltage sources are connected in Series , the resultant voltage becomes the summation of all voltages .
Now, my question is - Can Neurons be connected in ...
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Is it true to say neurons like to be stimulated?
I believe I have heard people saying "Neurons like to be stimulated". Although I know stimulating the brain promotes more neurons and connections growth, but does stimulating a neuron ...
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Why does the medial hypothalamus cause affective aggression while it causes the release of serotonin?
Since aggression is inversely related to serotonin, why does activation of the medial hypothalamus, which sends axons to the serotonin-releasing PAG, cause affective aggression? Thanks in advance!
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how can a patient with conduction aphasia answer questions but not repeat words?
When we have a Q&A with someone, the path in the brain goes as such: auditory cortex to Wernicke's area (to be comprehended) which then activates the Broca's area to initiate a motor reaction (so ...
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why do we use the glasses so that a different image is seen in each eye in the binocular rivalry experiment?
If we use the glasses so that in the right eye we see a house and on the left eye a face, we can see with a fMRI that the FFA is activated when seeing the face and the PPA activated when seeing the ...
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How does retinal ganglion cell receptive field affect the LGN neuron activity?
If we have a spot of light hitting the center of the ON center receptive field of a retinal ganglion cell, will the LGN neuron be activated? Will the V1 neuron be activated? I mean its receptive field ...
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What does "the scaffolding of biology" mean here?
In Zoltan Torey's The Conscious Mind, the author discusses the emerge of self-awareness:
Turning to the changes that the acquisition of language instantiated, Damasio reflects on these changes in ...
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how many bipolar cells connected to a ganglion cell?
Is it that only one bipolar cell is connected to one ganglion cell (which (ganglion cell) is connected to only one LGN neuron cell)?
I mean if more than one bipolar cell is connected to a ganglion ...
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what does concentric antagonistic areas in the retina mean?
"concentric antagonistic areas seen in retinal and LGN receptive fields." (Source: Neuroscience: Exploring the brain)
So the receptive field of a ganglion cell is either ON or OFF center. ...
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Would asymmetrically positioned eyes impair vision?
Assuming one eye is 5 cm further down compared to the other, would that somehow change perception if the brain has long enough to deal with that incoming information? For example, if you were born ...
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Are parasympathetic nerves different from motor and sensory nerves?
So the nerves leaving the spinal cord are either motor or sensory (only?). But what about the cranial nerves? For example, the cranial nerve vagus is a parasympathetic nerve. Are parasympathetic ...
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How are on and off bipolar cells of the retina arranged?
In the retina, there are both on and off bipolar cells. But how are they spread out in the retina? Are they so, that there is one of each after one another? Or are there areas where there are clusters ...
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Do hair cells in the ear also vibrate at frequencies outside our hearing spectrum?
(The question has its origin because I asked myself in how far frequencies outside our perception can harm our hearing.)
First of all, the energy of a mechanical wave (in this case, the sound wave, ...
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Does the molecules in nerve cell membrane change 100% during the life of the nerve cell?
In their lifespan nerve cells do not divide and so they stay the same. They do get damaged sometimes and require some maintenance and change their axons a bit. They also require a lot of energy so ...
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Inheritance of child behavior based on daily life experiences of the parent
Our brain is a large network of neurons connected with each other.Our daily experiences change how our neurons are connected.Some experiences create better connections between two neurons A and B and ...
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Why do V_Na and V_K stay unchanged in Hodgkin-Huxley model?
In the Hodgkin-Huxley model, ionic current $i_\mathrm{Na}$ and $i_\mathrm{K}$ are given by
$$
i_\mathrm{Na}=g_\mathrm{Na}(V_\mathrm{m}-V_\mathrm{Na})\\
i_\mathrm{K}=g_\mathrm{K}(V_\mathrm{m}-V_\mathrm{...
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How to convert Kilo Units (KU) to mg? [duplicate]
Im searching for AChE (Acetylcholinesterase) and on sigma-aldrich it is showing 2 KU or 2000U/mg of protein and on MedChemExpress it is showing 50mg then how can we calcute how much will be the drug ...
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Relation between image on retina and the real one: looking at the two objects that are 45 degrees apart, what's the distance in the actual image?
These are what I understand about the vision.
lights come through the pupil.
an inverted image of the real objects is formed on the retina. which is determined by the angles.
(so (a, d) and (b, c) ...
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Why is there a negative sign before voltage in the gate variable functions of the Hodgkin-Huxley model?
In Hodgkin and Huxley's articles (1952, J. Physiol.; 1990, Bulletin of Mathematical Biology), the gate variables are formulated as
In particular, as $V$ increases, $\alpha_n$ decreases and $\beta_n$ ...
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What does bregma -4.36mm mean?
I am reading a journal paper. In this paper, they inject adeno-associated viruses into the brains of rats. In the below figure, there is something that I want to clarify:
In Figure A, I am not sure ...
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Why is the anterior pituitary not considered part of the diencephalon?
According to the wikipedia page on the diencephalon, the posterior pituitary gland is considered part of the diencephalon, but the anterior is not. Is there a reason that these two lobes of the same ...
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