Questions tagged [pathology]
The study of diseases, including their causes and effects.
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Why is centriacinar emphysema more common in the upper lobes compared to the lower lobes?
I suspect it's because the upper lobes get less ventilated (the volume of their alveoli change less during respiration, and they receive less new air with each breath) compared to the lower lobes, and ...
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0answers
41 views
Can Acetobacter in apple cider vinegar kill the bacteria that cause periodontal diseases?
Can Acetobacter in apple cider vinegar kill the bacteria that cause periodontal diseases?
Streptococcus mutans is the main cause of dental decay. Various
lactobacilli are associated with ...
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0answers
26 views
Way to analyze the functional relevance of human mutation in vivo
In the literature I „found“ a pointmutation in the protein coding sequence of an enzyme subunit to be a risk factor for a certain disease. It is not known whether the mutation leads to loss or gain ...
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0answers
11 views
Rods and Cones functioning in Achromatopsia affected individual
When facing genetically caused Achromatopsia have the cones still been developed by the individual or does the latter completely lack them? I have looked for evidence both online and on some more ...
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29 views
Why aren’t PCR test recommended for Herpes testing?
CDC does not recommend testing for Herpes, due to its inability to change patient’s sexual behavior and it’s high false-positive rate (https://www.cdc.gov/std/herpes/screening.htm).
According to ...
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3answers
79 views
Are there any proteins not found in the brain that are affected by prions?
A prion is an abnormally folded protein that is capable of causing otherwise normal proteins to also misfold and become prions. They are responsible for causing diseases such as Kuru and Creutzfeldt–...
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0answers
12 views
In metaplasia, is the new tissue type derived from stem cells or from the already present, “old” tissue type?
From Robbin's basic pathology:
Metaplasia
is thought to arise by the reprogramming of stem cells to differentiate along a new pathway rather than a phenotypic change (transdifferentiation) of ...
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2answers
86 views
Is there a minimum load below which an infectious agent will not cause disease?
Suppose a single smallpox virus is injected in an human adult's body. Will it cause disease in the host? Is there a minimum microbial load below which it will not cause disease?
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60 views
What disease does Saccharopolyspora erythraea cause?
For an examination assignment I have to find a disease caused by the bacterial species Saccharopolyspora erythraea, but I have searched the internet and have found no report of patients being infected ...
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0answers
44 views
Determination of the density of fungi sclerotia in soil
The garlic I planted in my garden last year was infected by white rot (Sclerotium cepivorum).
I'd like to inspect how much of the white rot sclerotia is present in the soil. I've googled and found ...
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0answers
17 views
Species specific White Blood Cells (WBC) composition
In our ongoing immunology undergrad course I learnt that neutrophil primarily fights off bacterial infection and lymphocyte is produced in response to viral infection. I also learnt that neutrophil ...
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1answer
97 views
Is there any biosafety level scale for plant pathogens?
Biosafety levels commonly defined on basis of human/animal pathogens, but what would be the biosafety levels for plant pathogens?
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10 views
Can PGPM include pathogenic growth promoters?
I am extremely confused with definition of P.G.P.M. (plant growth promoting microbes/microbiota)such as P.G.P.F (plant growth promoting fungi) and P.G.P.B. (plant growth promoting bacteria). In many ...
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0answers
159 views
Meaning of units in ELISA based tests?
For some ELISA based antibody tests (e.g. h-tTg antibody test), labs report units as RU/mL or U/mL. Also different labs have different cut off (normal range) values.
I understand that different kit ...
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1answer
47 views
Why does bed bugs not carry disease?
Whenever I look up this topic, all I get is articles that say "Bed bugs don't carry disease...", but they never explain why? Is it something in their saliva that kills microbes? Something in their ...
4
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2answers
158 views
Why does this plum/apricot hybrid look like brains?
Why does this plum/apricot hybrid look like brains?
Notes:
Here's a photo of what a normal fruit on the tree looks like.
Location is Zone 5, east of Toronto.
There are about 20 other fruits on the ...
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0answers
21 views
Do tendons thickened due to a tendon injury/pathology have the same strength as “normal” tendons?
I read in this 2015 study {1}:
This study
is the first to show that pathological tendons have sufficient levels of aligned fibrillar structure. Pathological
tendons may compensate for areas of ...
2
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1answer
54 views
Does loss of dopaminergic neurons totally eliminate voluntary muscular control?
Breathing is a function that is not only autonomic, but can also be temporarily overridden and placed under voluntary control. In fact, you are now breathing manually. Now, suppose that someone has ...
3
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1answer
96 views
Can a pathogen be totally resistant to the human immune system?
Can a pathogenic organism be totally resistant to the human immune system? For the purpose of this question, the organism in question must cause a disease.
Examples of organisms that would qualify as ...
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1answer
36 views
Growth on raspberry cane: What is it?
I have raspberries growing in my garden.
One of the raspberry canes has some sort of growth on it.
Size: Approximately 2 inches long
Location: Zone 5; east of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Date: April 4, ...
6
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1answer
165 views
Why do bulls-eye rashes look like they do?
People infected with Lyme Disease often present with an erythema migrans ("migrating redness") rash. Most often, these rashes are in the shape of a bulls-eye.
Rash image.
Presumably, this is a ...
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0answers
31 views
What properties of the pathogens of infectious diseases make recovered individuals susceptible to the disease?
I was wondering what properties of the pathogens of infectious diseases make these diseases more prone to making recovered individuals immediately susceptible to the disease? I was thinking that with ...
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0answers
10 views
Is autoimmune disease associated with self-reactive B cells?
I'm a bit of an amateur, so excuse what may be a very naive question, but I somewhat understand how B cells that are self-reactive (bind to endogenous epitopes) are selected out during development. I ...
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1answer
84 views
How do viral vaccines work?
I have read that a vaccine against a pathogen typically works by using a dead or weakened version of that pathogen and then inciting an immune response against the pathogen so that the immune system ...
1
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1answer
94 views
Alcohol effect on heart and vascular system
How does alcohol weaken heart muscles and why does it increase blood pressure both temporarily and long term? Is the long term effect due to increase of plaque or is it due to other effects?
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0answers
29 views
Does cataract condition cause red film when sun is shining?
Since two years ago I have a red film in my field of vision when the sunlight (or a white spot) is at the border (or even lightly behind) of the vision field, the red color is especially obvious at ...
3
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0answers
34 views
Can organ-accumulated iron get shed again?
Hemochromatosis can lead to an accumulation of iron in some organs. If the accumulated amount is not too high, will it go down again upon correction of blood iron levels?
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122 views
Open database of whole slide digital pathology images
I am looking for sequential image sections (stacks) of biological structures (such as liver, kidneys etc.) that I can download and use. Most of the pathology images I have found are either one image ...
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0answers
18 views
Muscular tetany and hypocalacemia
Decreased serum calcium level leads to increased excitability of neuron and at same time decreases the contractibilityof the muscle fibres.But still its causing tetany.Wouldn't these two counteract to ...
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0answers
86 views
How does alcohol interact with sympathomimetics to affect the cardiovascular system?
There is a fair amount of information on the cardiovascular effects of alcohol, and of sympathomimetics. How do they work? And how do their mechanisms interact?
We know that similar pathologies ...
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2answers
65 views
Why don't people seem to die from salmonella in bites?
As far as I know, reptiles have salmonella in their mouths as part of their digestive process. Every time I hear about someone being bitten by an python or alligator or monitor either at a zoo or in ...
0
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1answer
47 views
Can endemic diseases be acute?
Diseases can be classified as :endemic ,or pandemic,...etc.
An endemic disease is an infectious disease which is generally or constantly found among people in a particular area.
Disease conditions ...
1
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1answer
19 views
Why proximal muscle weakness is seen earlier than distal muscle weakness in Dermatomyositis?
It is said that in dermatomyositis(DM) , proximal muscle weakness is seen earlier than distal muscle weakness. It is also said that , DM is due to damage to small blood vessels contributing to muscle ...
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1answer
252 views
Why does arterial emboli flow in retrograde manner?
In artery blood flows with a pressure. When part of thrombus detaches it should flow along with the flow but it flows is retrograde manner.
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2answers
434 views
Red neurons - Acute neuronal injury
“Red neurons” are evident by about 12 to 24 hours after an irreversible hypoxic/ ischemic insult. The morphologic features consist of shrinkage of the cell body, pyknosis of the nucleus, disappearance ...
3
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2answers
226 views
Why exactly does the immune system weaken with age?
Why does the immune system become weaker with age in humans and in some other mammals? Let's try to be more specific than just "everything degrades with age."
1
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1answer
617 views
Is there a correlation between B12 deficiency and cardiovascular disease?
I've read in several health sites that state that high blood homocysteine, as well as low B12 intake, is not only correlated, but actually causes cardiovascular diseases. In order to verify those ...
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1answer
49 views
How do PrP mutations lead to prion disease?
My understanding is:
The PrP gene in human cells is expressed as both PrP-c (normal protein) and PrP-sc (prion disease protein). This happens post transcriptionally, that is, the normal and the ...
2
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1answer
22 views
HLA typing between siblings to identify a genetic disorder
If a patient suffering from a complex array of signs and symptoms for a disease and is having an 8/8 loci match with his sister who suffers no such symptoms can you conclude that the disease is an X-...
2
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1answer
160 views
Why ketoacidosis is less common in patients of Noninsulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus?
The other day my teacher said ketone bodies are mostly formed when insulin is less and NIDDM type diabetes mellitus has less chances to grow ketosis. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000320.htm
P. ...
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1answer
253 views
Polar renal scarring in pyelonephritis?
Why does infection and scarring occurs at poles in Vesicoureteric reflux but not in Obstructive pyelonephritis?
It is said in Robbins that, it is due to polar papillae being flattened or concave ...
2
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1answer
85 views
What is going on with these buccal epithelial cells?
A pooled saliva sample from a 70 year old male. What is happening with these cells?
Are these cells undergoing normal apoptosis?
In the video, the cytoplasmic movement looks liquefied and jelly-...
2
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1answer
96 views
Does contracting Rubella give one some kind of immunity to Measles and vice versa?
Both these diseases- Measles and Rubella, have very similar symptoms, have similar complications and are often confused for one another. And both the diseases have a common MMR vaccine. So, are the ...
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5answers
768 views
How does evolution eliminate problems that only cause diseases late in life?
Humans are vulnerable to heart attacks and strokes. Our modern diet leads to atherosclerosis, this already starts at a young age but it doesn't cause symptoms until an important artery is almost ...
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0answers
168 views
Is hydrothorax considered as edema?
In _Robbins Basic Pathology 9th ed., edema is defined as
[E]dema is an accumulation of interstitial fluid within tissues. Extravascular fluid can also
collect in body cavities such as the ...
6
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1answer
86 views
Why do you get prion diseases from eating animal brains but not other parts of the animal?
Eating animal brains is considered a delicacy in parts of China. We know that eating animal brains can lead to prion related diseases.
Prions are misfolded proteins that are potentially infectious. ...
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1answer
302 views
Can one type of bacteria cause several diseases? [closed]
If yes.
Does it change its shape in every disease, or does it remain in the same shape and cause several diseases?
1
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1answer
329 views
What does the immune system do to stop pathogens that aren't killed by macrophages?
For instance, say a host is infected with salmonella where the pathogen can enter into a macrophage without the macrophage destroying it. How does the body then fight off an infection that is capable ...
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2answers
521 views
Why does the rabies virus have such a long incubation period?
So there was a case in India, where a man developed rabies 25 yrs after the dog bite. Source:
https://www.google.co.in/amp/s/m.timesofindia.com/city/goa/25-yrs-after-dog-bite-man-gets-dies-of-rabies/...
4
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3answers
238 views
In humans, are diseases inevitable during old age?
Considering that dying "from old age" actually means that one dies from an illness related with aging, is it inevitable to eventually acquire diseases in old age?
