Questions tagged [respiration]
The exchange of gases across organs that facilitate transport of the gases to and from the cells of the organism.
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Gas exchange in alveolus
When our teacher was talking about the gas exchange inside the alveoli, he mentioned the flow of air and the flow of blood was going in opposite directions so that there always would be a ...
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Do photosynthesis and respiration violate the law of conservation of energy?
I don't know, if it's a physics question, biology or chemistry question but anyways here it is:
I have been taught that to produce one molecule of glucose in photosynthesis, 18 ATP molecules are used ...
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Why does fresh zinc oxide cause chills but "old oxide" does not?
Inhalation of fresh zinc oxide causes chills; aka- zinc chills, brass founders ague, oxide shakes, etc. But if the oxide is a few hours old it will not cause chills. I had them once long ago, an old ...
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Why does water damage the lungs but amniotic fluid doesn't?
I've read that near-drowning causes lung damage due to water inhalation. How come this is not the case with amniotic fluid? Taking this further, would lukewarm purified oxygenated water cause damage (...
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How long could Jack Sparrow and Will Turner survive underwater with a row boat over their heads (Pirates of the Caribbean I)? [closed]
How long could Jack Sparrow and Will Turner survive underwater with a row boat over their heads (Pirates of the Caribbean I)?
This scene would be physically infeasible due to buoyancy issues (http://...
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Where does nitrogen go or come from as its partial pressure in different parts of the lungs decreases or increases?
Here's a table from Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology showing the partial pressures of gases in different types of air:
We can see that as the partial pressures of some gases decrease or ...
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Does COVID interfere with internal respiration?
Siddiqi et al. wrote in January 2021,
Pulmonary ECs [= endothelial cells, in this paper] have an important role in immune surveillance, maintaining alveolar integrity and ensuring appropriate oxygen ...
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What is static compliance?
If static compliance is change in volume with respect to change in transpulmonary pressure, when there is no gas flow. My question is; if there is no gas flow, how would volume Change?
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What does equilibrium curve signify?
While learning about gas exchange, I came across the haldane effect. Then i came across the CO2 -dissociation curve. Apparently the curves are "equilibrium curves". Does it mean that the ...
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Why is the partial pressure of oxygen in blood same as that in alveoli
The partial pressure of oxygen in alveoli is about 104 mmHg, after gas exchange it becomes 40mmHg. I understand that during gas exchange, the pressure gradient drives oxygen into the blood and Co2 out....
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If stomata is closed at night ,how does exchange of oxygen take place at night? [closed]
In this article in the second paragraph, it is written that the stomata remains closed at night to reduce water loss. We know that the plants respire and take in oxygen at night. Then how do plants ...
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Why does inert gas asphyxiation trigger unconsciousness almost immediately?
According to an official safety bulletin from the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board:
"Breathing an oxygen deficient atmosphere can have serious and immediate effects, including ...
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In lichen, do the fungi consume the oxygen produced by algae?
Is the oxygen produced by algae in photosynthesis consumed by the fungi, specifically in marine lichens where oxygen is less abundant? I am wondering this because of a speculative evolution project.
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Difference between Facultative Aerobes and Facultative anaerobes
My Prof started off talking about Aerobes, there being obligate aerobes and those that can metabolise compounds such as $\ce{NO3-}$, $\ce{SO4^{2-}}$.
Then he began talking about anaerobes and those ...
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Is it true that oxygen levels in water limits fish size?
This answer says that breathing water is inefficient, and that may act as a limiter to the size of fish. I've heard this in a couple of other places as well, but cannot recall the sources. However, ...
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What is the relationship between the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin and the maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂ max) of the human body?
I was curious about whether any of the numerous documented human hemoglobin variants conferred a quantifiable athletic advantage but the only thing I've found of any relevance is the relative oxygen ...
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Is there a term for the entire system of moving oxygen around?
The respiratory system brings oxygen to the blood, and also can include stuff like nicotine from smoking.
The circulatory system brings oxygenated blood (and all its little friends) to wherever they'...
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What is the effect of surfactant deficiency on dead space (of lung volumes)?
Surfactant deficiency in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome has long been recognized. This deficiency causes decrease in lung volumes (tidal volume or redisual volume for example).
Dead ...
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Do the nasal cilia move the particles trapped in the mucus out of the nose or down the throat? [closed]
Do the nasal cilia move the particles trapped in the mucus out of the nose or down the throat?
What is the direction of the pulse of the cilia? Is this changeable?
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How deep underwater could you breathe using a tube which breaks the surface until the water pressure makes it impossible to inhale air?
I'm struggling with a question asking how deep you can breathe underwater using a hollow reed before the water pressure makes it impossible to inhale. The question asked to use this data of maximal ...
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How do schools of fish get enough oxygen?
Fish get oxygen from the water running over their gills, during which up to ~80% of oxygen is removed from the water. In schools of fish, how do fish swimming behind other fish get enough oxygen in ...
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Is it incorrect to assume alveoli as spherical and distinct, especially when analysing lung inflation/deflation?
I have recently read the paper "Laplace’s Law and the Alveolus: A Misconception of Anatomy and a Misapplication of Physics". To summarise it, here is a section from its abstract:
The ...
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Do airsacs contract and expand when birds breathe? [closed]
Something I was wondering. When birds breathe, do their airsacs contract and expand like the lungs do?
Also, if they do, do they contract and expand as much as the lungs do?
Thanks so much!
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Can fermentation and aerobic respiration occur at the same time?
In muscle cells during exercise, does lactic acid fermentation and aeorobic respiration occur at the same time, and does this mean the cell makes more or less ATP during this time?
The cell can't ...
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Is there a known efficiency rate for CO2 capture from ambient air in photosynthesising plants?
When humans take in air to their lungs, we capture about 5% of the total quantity of the air as oxygen (which in turn equals about 24% of the available oxygen in the air)
Is there an equivalent rate ...
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How long to breathe (the equivalent of) all of the atmosphere? [closed]
I have done some rough calculations of how long it might take humanity: approx 80,000 years (that's taking Earth's population as 7.5 billion, 11,000 litres a day of breathing, the weight of 1 litre of ...
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How does gas equilibration occur in the alveolus, numerically?
I am attempting to model gas exchange across the alveolar membrane. My main question is there a direct exchange of O2 molecules for CO2 molecules? If so, then my model predicts (assuming alveolar ...
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Are the IRV and ERV equal in amount?
I am reading about Inspiratory Reserve Volume and Expiratory Reserve Volume in my textbook. So my general question is aren't the two terms show the same amount of air ?
I would like to tell you why I ...
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Is the diaphragm made of two muscles?
Is there a 'crural' and 'costal' parts of the diaphragm as suggested in this paper or is it just a single muscle?
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Why does exhaled air still contain oxygen?
I am a high school student and I am a little confused in the concept of breathing:
My confusion is that, when we talk of exchange of gases we say that gases always diffuse from their high "...
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Can all oxygen be provided cutaneous in humans?
What partial pressure of oxygen is needed on the skin to completely replace the lungs function as oxygen receivers? Respiration has other functions too. I am only asking about oxygen intake.
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Why is thoracic breathing dominant in women while abdominal breathing is dominant in men?
In human males, lateral movement of thorax constitutes 25% of breathing while abdominal movement accounts for 75% of breathing. It is exactly the opposite in the case of women.
I got this piece of ...
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Will obligate aerobic bacteria die if placed in a buffer solution even in the presence of oxygen?
The electron transport chain in aerobic bacteria functions by pumping H+ out of the cell to establish a concentration gradient.
So if the bacteria are placed in a buffer solution having pH equal to ...
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Do humans emit more carbon through respiration or defecation?
Where does most of the carbon we ingest go? I understand that a large amount is exhaled as carbon dioxide, but what percent is defecated (and theoretically deposited in the ground)?
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What happens if ace2 from lungs is removed? Will there be any major impact on our body?
when ace2 receptors are not present in the lungs will we experience any disturbance or suffer from any other problems
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Unlike humans, why do plants not have something blood-like to transport $O_2$ throughout their body?
Since plants have a large number of stomata at different parts of their body, they can get $O_2$ at almost every part of the plant and so, they don't need to transport it throughout the whole body ...
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Is breathing a reflex action or is it an intrinsic process?
The process of breathing is controlled by respiratory centers in the brain stem. Do these centers have an innate activity, i.e., just send out signals to breathing muscles intrinsically, and have the ...
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Do plants take in the same amount of CO2 as they release?
There are many claims in the media that trees remove more carbon dioxide form the atmosphere than they release back into the atmosphere. By what chemical pathway can this occur?
The law that matter is ...
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Oxygen uptake with gills from water vs lungs from atmosphere
The concentration of oxygen in water tends to be around 6.5-8 mg/L. In the atmosphere, it is 21%, one liter of air weighs roughly 1.25 gram, so, oxygen concentration is 0.25 g/L or 250 mg/L. So, lungs ...
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How does chest wall compliance affect functional residual capacity (FRC)?
The functional residual capacity is made up of expiratory reserve volume (ERV) plus the residual volume (RV) - i.e. the volume of air remaining in the lungs after passive expiration.
Compliance of ...
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Are there land animals that use gill-like organs instead of lungs?
Among aquatic, water-breathing animals, gills and other continuous-flow breathing methods dominate over lungs and other storage-based breathing methods as in land animals. Notably, axolotls have gill-...
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Can all animals breathe manually?
Originally I was pondering about why we have the ability to breathe manually. I couldn't think of any tangible advantage, given that the body can develop mechanisms to regulate the rate of breathing ...
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Lungs permeability
My question is:
$O_2$ and $CO_2$ pass to (in & out) the bloodstream due to difference in partial pressure and its permeability to those gases (I suppose that's why no $N_2$ passes). So, to what ...
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Is there any organism that is born with all the nutrients and resources needed for their entire lifetime?
I understand that adult mayflies have no mouth, but they do take in oxygen through openings in their exoskeleton.
Is there any organism that does not need to ingest any type of nutrition and does not ...
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What is a deep exhalation/inhalation?
I tried to find the academic definition of deep exhalation/inhalation but found nothing special.
I speculate that the correct definition is as follows:
• Deep ...
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Why does affinity of Hemoglobin increases for Oxygen in carbon monoxide poisoning?
I have studied this in almost every physiology book but I just can't understand how carbon monoxide can affect oxygen's affinity to Hemoglobin. I know that there is left shift in oxygen dissociation ...
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How does shortage of oxygen halt the NADH dehydrogenase complex?
I understand that in the absence of oxygen the functioning of cytochrome c oxidase stops because it is its substrate. However I don’t understand how stopping cytochrome c oxidase also stops the ...
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What triggers the switch between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
I understand that when there is a shortage of oxygen cells convert the pyruvic acid from glycolysis to lactic acid to regenerate NAD+. What I don’t understand is how they switch to anaerobic ...
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Formula for Oxygen Consumption for Atlantic Salmon (Mathematical) - insecurities regarding variable
The oxygen is calculated in mg per kg per something, so what does $h^{-1}$ stand for? hours maybe?
The formula given below is an estimation of oxygen consumption for Atlantic salmon
\begin{...
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How are electrons entering the electron transport chain in cellular respiration energised (excited)?
In photosynthesis, electrons are excited by light energy from the sun (photoactivated).
How do they become excited in human cellular respiration?
I believe it has something to do with NADH and ...
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