I think CVC cannot lead to heart failure primarily.
So let's think its pathogenesis in skin now only.

I think the pathogenesis is like this

- dilation of veins and capillaries due to impaired venous drainage
- reduced outflow of blood from a tissue
- passive process
- $\to$ local increase in venous blood volume
- $\to$ local increase in venous pressure
- pathological
- $\to$ congested tissue, red cell stasis, accumulation of deoxygenated hemoglobin
- $\to$ shortage of oxygen and built-up metabolic waste
- $\to$ dusky reddish-bluish skin (cyanotic)
- Causes: venous thrombosis or edema; venous compression; heart failure.


**What is the right pathogenesis of chronic venous congestion in skin?**