I've found an [old paper][1] using radioactively labeled bacteria to track their fate in macrophages. According to the data, both $^{14}$C and $^{32}$P are reutilized in the host cell. 

[COHN ZA. (1963)][1]. The fate of bacteria within phagocytic cells. I. The degradation of isotopically labeled bacteria by polymorphonuclear leucocytes and macrophages. J Exp Med. Jan 1;117:27-42.

  [1]: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14022146?dopt=Abstract