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I am slightly confused about the role of $\ce{H2O}$ lysis in PII. I know that this releases $\ce{H+}$ ions, which I think are important because they drive the production of $\ce{ATP}$ through F-Atpase …

I was wondering if anyone knows what the degree of curvature is or bond angle between the $\alpha$ glucose molecules in glycogen is. I know that glycogen/amylose/amylopectin have a general curved back …

I know respiration and photosynthesis are based on oxidation and reduction, and the formation of NADH and NADPH in them is very important for many cell processes. I know that NADPH, for example, is us …

In my biochemistry course I have to know about various polysaccharides and variants, and I am struggling with remembering them. I think it would help if I could break down their names. For 'glycosami …

So I have read a few times that b. SP probably forms loop not arrow. Loop enters channel (translocon) in membrane. SP loop is probably what opens (gates) the channel on the cytoplasmic side. Source …

I am slightly confused about what the name of the bond is between the phosphate and sugar within a nucleotide. All my research comes up with is a phosphodiester bond being the backbone of DNA. But wit …

I haven't read this being stated explicitly, however whenever I read about proteins and glycoproteins this seems to be implied. For example, in this Wikipedia article, Lipid and proteins on the ce …

I am aware of the post here 'Optogenetics - How do microbial opsins work?' however it is a bit too technical for me. I am struggling to understand how the neurons can be genetically engineered to prod …

I like Mowgli's answer, because it is a non-obvious example. However I would also point out that there are many, many protein-based structural components in the body that we know do not regenerate due …

From what I understand, microRNA binds to proteins which can cut certain mRNA strands do that this protein is not synthesised. This seems like gene silencing to me, however I have also come across the …

I keep reading that adrenaline is a ligand, however, from what I understand a ligand is a molecule or ion which donates a pair of electrons to a central transition metal ion in a complex. If this is t …

I am getting slightly confused with all of the terms above and was wondering if someone could see if I have got this right: I think transport from the ER to Golgi is almost always from the plus end …

From what I understand, we refer to 'signal convergence' as being when two different ligands/stimuli lead to the same (at least in part) responses inside a single cell. This may or may not be due to a …

I am getting slightly confused about how the above relate to each other. My current understanding is that P680 and P700 refer to the primary pigment reaction centres in Photosystems 2 and 1 respective …

My textbook says: Growth-promoting genes are called proto-oncogenes. Some can be changed into oncogenes by a point mutation that alters the ability of the proto-oncogene to be switched off. They r …