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Usually, in such depictions where a species is pointing to a reaction or an interaction, the arrows mean that the species affects that reaction (for example, catalysis by an enzyme ). Generally pointy arrow heads denote positive effect (enhancing the reaction, for example an enzyme) and flat heads denote a negative interaction (repression). An arrow from one ...
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Doing actually valuable bioinformatics research completely on your own after graduating from university (I am assuming that this corresponds to a master's degree) is somewhere between impossible and very unlikely - even for someone who actually studied bioinformatics.
In order to really do research (in almost any field) you will have to become a PhD student ...
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