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A quick search gives this same question in this Reddit post.
Apparently, there is not yet an existing example of such dominance of three alleles on one another. However, the side-blotched lizard has three genetically encoded male "sexes", that also determines their behaviour. At a population level, the three sexes follow a rock-paper-scissor model of ...
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This can be a result of a somatic mutation, especially if the other flowers on the same plant don't have the same color pattern. Somatic mutations are not inherited for parent organisms but occur spontaneously in one of the cells in the body. If that cell then proliferates all of its descendants will have the mutation and new phenotype associated with it.
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Short answer: You need to buy some more, but you need the sequence also for ordering.
Long answer: The Taq polymerase needs a piece of DNA (or RNA) to prime the reaction and be able to enlarge the DNA chain, this is why we use primers in the first place (also to ensure reaction specificity to the region we want to amplify). To enable the reaction you would ...
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Good question--I think the first point to address is "a means to an end" seems to imply willful action. That is, evolution (according to Ridley) would be a conscious effort by a species to optimize the gene pool for survival of future generations; a rationalization for each species to mutate and diverge.
This is not the case, for a couple of reasons. First, ...
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From "Gene Interactions: Allelic and Non-Allelic" (biologydiscussion.com)
'Non-allelic or inter-allelic interactions … occur where the development of single character is due to two or more genes affecting the expression of each other in various ways.'
'Two non-allelic gene pairs affect the same character. The dominant allele of each of the two factors ...
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