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If a patient suffering from a complex array of signs and symptoms for a disease and is having an 8/8 loci match with his sister who suffers no such symptoms can you conclude that the disease is an X-linked recessive disorder? Can u rule out autosomal dominant disorders and autosomal recessive disorders from the diagnosis?

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No, you can't conclude that.

First of all, two siblings being HLA identical tells you very little about the rest of their genome. HLA genes are closely linked, and each haplotype is transmitted in mendelian fashion as a single gene. For non-linked genes (on other chromosomes, or further away on chromosome 6), they are as or nearly as likely to have the same genes as non-HLA identical siblings.

Further, the disease of interest may (is highly likely to) be multigenic and have incomplete penetrance. The heritability of common disorders generally varies from 20-80% (Cecil Medicine Chapter 41, the Inherited Basis of Common disorders).

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  • $\begingroup$ Technically, there is a small chance of recombination within the HLA (MHC) region, so haplotypes are transmitted in a mostly-medelian fashion. $\endgroup$
    – Armand
    Commented Mar 10, 2021 at 4:26

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