All Questions
Tagged with nomenclature or terminology
696 questions
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Non Canonical Splicing and Alternative Splicing
I am struggling to understand concept of non-canonical splicing. I couldn't find satisfying answer to how non-canonical splicing work, what are the mechanism of it, how does it distinguish from ...
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Is bacterial "colonization" restricted to human body surfaces not the deep tissues?
This seems to be the point where the perspective of human beings from a medical viewpoint intersects with that from an ecological perspective.
Colonization is the presence of bacteria on a body ...
- 425
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27
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Is Protista a kingdom just for unicellular eukaryotes that couldn't be classified under any other kingdom? [duplicate]
Is Kingdom Protista merely a "catch-all" classification for unicellular eukaryotes that do not belong to the kingdoms of Animalia, Plantae, or Fungi? Or does it possess specific criteria ...
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What's the term for energy that is/isn't usable by an organism?
Every healthy organism stores some of its biochemical energy in reserves (e.g. adipose tissue, glycogen), but much of an organism's biochemical energy is bound in ways that aren't normally accessible ...
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If the shrimp is a decapod, why does it have 20 legs? (10 swimming + 10 walking legs)
Decapods like crabs have exactly 10 legs.
However, shrimps have 5 pairs of swimming legs and 5 pairs of walking legs. A total of 10 pairs. Why are they classified as decapods then?
2
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139
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Pilot agricultural study terminology
What is the technical word for a single crop field trial which divided into different treatments? I have examined Field trial manual Principles, planning and Implementation of Agricultural Field ...
- 433
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39
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What is the word for a small (under 50 bp) structural variant?
What is the word for a small (under 50 bp) SV? Perhaps it is MNV (multi-nucleotide variant)? Something like microindel? I do not like SNV as "single nucleotide" is not really correct and I ...
- 401
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What is the difference between "microproteome" and "peptidome"?
I know that "peptide" is sometimes used to refer to both microproteins and short peptides derived from longer proteins (post-translational), but I do not know whether this extends to "...
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Reading genotype aloud
For this genotype, P2ry12$^{+/+}$ I read it "P2ry12 wild type." For animals with the GFP being expressed under one Cx3cr1 promoter, Cx3cr1$^{+/GFP}$, how do I read that aloud?
What about for:...
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There are plants and animal genera with the same Latin name. What are the scopes of uniqueness?
The genus Leptochilus occurs as a genus of wasps, and of a genus of ferns.
What are the parts of the phylogenetic tree where uniqueness is required, and how many of them are they?
(Where can I read ...
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164
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Why is tautonymy forbidden in botany?
From Merriam Webster:
tautonym: a taxonomic binomial in which the generic name and specific epithet are alike and which is common in zoology especially to designate a typical form but is forbidden to ...
- 490
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166
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What is the exact definition of the term 'trait'?
A trait is a characteristic shown by an organism.
For example a Tt plant would show the 'tallness' trait.
It seems to me that, by analogy, sickle cell anaemia (SCA) carriers should show the 'normal' ...
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79
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Is the "endo-" prefix in "endotherm" inconsistent/opposite to its use in "endothermic reaction"?
It seems to me that the "endo-" in the biology term "endotherm" is opposite to the "endo-" in the chemistry term "endothermic reaction." Is that the case?
As I ...
- 111
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Is this scenario allopatric or sympatric speciation?
I stumbled over a speciation scenario but I am not able to say to which type it belongs. I guess for people more familiar with the theory it might be easy to tell.
I was reading about the fin whale (...
- 250
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3
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386
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What is the exact definition of a "gene"?
(In this question, I'm only considering the molecular-biology notion of a gene, not the older Mendelian notion.)
Wikipedia defines a "gene" as "a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is ...
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65
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What is regional homogeneity in neurology?
newbie to.neurology here. For context, I'm studying this article (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89166-8#Sec14) which relates the gut microbiome to brain structure in schizophrenia ...
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When did the term "non-avian dinosaur" come in common use?
When I first learned about the prehistoric (mega)fauna that we now commonly call non-avian dinosaurs they where just referred to as dinosaur. I am trying to figure out when we made the collective ...
- 141
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What is the Latin term for animals which dust bathe?
I have lost track of this term. I am sure that I encountered a Latin word (not a taxonomic word) which applies to all animals which dust bathe.
I fact, I am not even sure how to describe a word like ...
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378
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Do we need to underline the name of a gene while handwriting?
While teaching about the cry genes and the Cry proteins in Biology class, my teacher told us that the names of genes are always written in lowercase and should be italicized, and the name of protein ...
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65
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Is there a word to describe a sample of DNA that can be sequenced?
This is a question about terminology. I want to know if there is a word that is used to describe a sample as "able to be sequenced".
My rough guess would be "sequencable". But that ...
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Explaining "paraphyly" for the layperson?
I was a molecular biology major a while ago, but I never think I really understood cladistics TBH. Now reading about paraphyly, it shows this:
In this phylogenetic tree [second image], the green ...
- 759
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28
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Is there a term to designate the property for an enzyme of catalyzing several reactions from the same substrate?
LacZ (beta-galacosidase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose into either galactose and glucose or allolactose.
Is there a term to designate such property for a single enzyme of catalysing several ...
- 213
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66
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gene dosage vs copy number
In the online articles I'm reading, I see the authors mention gene dosage and copy number. My confusion is regarding if the two terms mean exactly the same thing - number of copies a gene occur in the ...
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Additional to SNP (variant) calling, what is genotype calling in human genome?
Variant calling in human genome aims to determine in which positions there is polymorphic site or in which positions at least one of the dna bases differs from a human reference genome. Then beside ...
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104
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Scientific terms for front-brain, mid-brain and back-brain
I am looking for a (semi-) scientific way of phrasing "front part of brain" (part 1), "middle part of brain" (part 2) and "back part of brain" (part 3) as denoted in the ...
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401
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What does "run" mean in DNA sequencing?
In "[Genomics: A Very Short Introduction]" by John Archibald, the author discusses the DNA sequencing:
In reality, most nuclear genomes are a mixture of unique sequences and short and long ...
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64
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What does ‘per DNA fragment’ mean?
In "[Genomics: A Very Short Introduction]" by John Archibald, the author discusses the DNA sequencing:
In living cells, DNA rarely exists in isolation; it is typically bound tightly to ...
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3k
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What's the terminology for the deformity between the halluces and index toes caused by sandals?
In Japan, especially in the past, people tended to wear wooden sandals or the like, which separated their halluces from their index toes.
As a result, there is often a gap between their halluces and ...
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161
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What's the term for "Amino acid regulating the expression of components used to synthesize it"?
In the tryptophan operon wikipedia page, it says under the Attenuation title:
A similar attenuation mechanism regulates the synthesis of histidine, phenylalanine and threonine.
If my reading is ...
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273
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What is meant by "Common descent"?
"Common descent is a concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time." (Wikipedia)
[Credit:https://bio.libretexts.org/...
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160
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What is a random piece of DNA called?
If I picked up a DNA molecule and randomly snipped out a piece with scissors what is the scientific name for the resulting piece?
I'll confess right up front that I am not an academic or professional. ...
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511
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Are, or how are, polyuria and diuresis different? [closed]
Polyuria - Wikipedia states:
Polyuria (/ˌpɒliˈjʊəriə/) is excessive or an abnormally large production or passage of urine (greater than 2.5 L[1] or 3 L[6] over 24 hours in adults). Increased ...
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257
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2k
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What is the technical term for a combination-mouth-anus?
Some organisms have a single hole that is used both for food intake and for waste excretion. Does the scientific community have a name for that hole? What is it called? Or is it simply called the ...
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83
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Examples of subvarieties and forms in botany or other biological nomenclature?
So I found a fairly complex Rhododendron subgenus to subsection classification list, and despite there being ...
- 759
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54
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What is the difference between "ecological succession" and the term "stage of regeneration", is there a difference between them?
In ecology what is the meaning of the term "ecological succession" and the term "stage of regeneration", is there a difference between them?
Edit 1: Perhaps the term "Stage of ...
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Terminology for Transgenes
I'm designing an in vivo delivery vector for therapeutic transgenes.
I have two different potential versions of the transgenes. If they were innate, they'd be referred to as "alleles." Does ...
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40
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Is there any universally accepted definition for pain?
There are many terms in the literature of any domain of knowledge that does not have a standard or universally accepted definition. There can be several definitions from several organizations or ...
- 111
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What is the difference between ‘classical’ and ‘non-classical’ pathogen resistance genes in plants?
I have stumbled across a mention of classical resistance genes against pests in plants, however the classification seems a bit vague.
What would be classified as classical resistance genes and what as ...
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4k
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What does rescue mean in the context of biological experiments?
I have come across the term 'rescue' in biological contexts a lot recently and despite reading multiple definitions online cannot seem to get my head around what the word means on its own, and what it ...
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533
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Animal specific names with non-alphabetic characters
I'm part of a research team that investigates and documents native bee species, and we identified one of our Andrena specimens as A. w-scripta. With over ten years of experience in insect and ray-...
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215
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What does "DS" stand for in some articles?
I'm super ashamed of asking such a question, but there is an abbreviation that often comes in some papers that I have to read, I have no idea what it stands for and I'm just too ashamed to ask my ...
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Difference between in cis/in trans and in phase/out of phase
Something I've never been quite clear on is the difference between in cis/in trans and in phase/out of phase, as used for the genetics of diploid organisms.
My understanding is that the in cis/in ...
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64
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What is the DNA sequences between two Inverted Repeats called?
I would like to know some rules about the nomenclature of Inverted Repeats DNA sequences. More in detail, I want to know what is the name of sequences between two inverted repeats.
For example, I have ...
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Is there a term for fixation OR loss of an allele?
I remember reading a paper which used a term to describe either fixation OR loss of an allele via drift. Its definition is basically "the removal/fixation of a polymorphism in a population due to ...
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2k
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Is pyruvate considered a high energy molecule like ATP or NADH?
ATP, NADH and FADH2 are high energy molecules. The second half of glycolysis is known as the pay-off phase, characterised by a net gain of the energy-rich molecules ATP and NADH.
In fermentation, for ...
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273
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How do we determine what we call "flexion" and what we call "extension"?
Question:
How did we determine which motion to call "flexion" and which to call "extension" with regard to the wrist and the neck?
Background:
Just to set the stage, I'm not asking ...
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46
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Is the use of DNA SNPs vs amino acid variations in the description to detail the absence or presence of a consequent amino acid variation?
Studying Schizophrenia and reading some papers discussing polymorphisms in the 5HT-2A receptor gene (HTR2A). Specifically, the authors mention A-1438G, T102C, his452tyr.
Was his452tyr not described as ...
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Why are O-antigens and H-antigens on (certain) bacteria called O and H?
Somehow, despite extensive searching, I cannot find an answer....
Does O stand for oxygen and H signify hydrogen?
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2k
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What is, (and what isn't) "kinetic replication" as it applies to molecules and to living organisms?
CNN's World's first living robots can now reproduce, scientists say describes "xenobots"; clusters of stem cells that move around and by this motion occasionally push enough free stem cells ...
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